Cuneiform

Cuneiform

Writing system used in ancient Mesopotamia to keep records and write texts such as the Epic of Gilgamesh.

Uruk City

The first true city in ancient Mesopotamia known for its architectural work made of clay, mud, and sunbaked bricks, and considered a symbol of power.

Great Ziggurat of Ur

A massive platform dedicated to the moon goddess Nanna, made of solid core mud bricks, and considered the "mountain of God."

Irrigation and Dikes

Solutions developed in ancient Mesopotamia to solve problems of flooding, water scarcity, and improve farming and food production.

Sailboat

A mode of transportation used in ancient Mesopotamia for the trade and transportation of goods.

Wheel

Invention used in ancient Mesopotamia for farm work, food processes, and mass production, such as the rice mill.

Plow

Tool used in ancient Mesopotamia to dig the ground and cultivate land for increased crop production.

Roads

The first roads developed in ancient Mesopotamia for easier transportation.

Babylonian Civilization

Civilization founded by the Amorites in Mesopotamia, known for its polytheistic religion, the Hanging Gardens, and the Code of Hammurabi.

Egyptian Civilization

Ancient civilization in northeastern Africa known for its adaptation to the Nile River valley for agriculture, the construction of pyramids, mummification, and hieroglyphics.