Urbanization and Immigration in America (1865-1900)
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47 Terms
What was the population change in American cities from 1870 to 1900?
The population of American cities tripled.
Which cities had populations greater than 1 million by 1890?
New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
Who contributed to the development of the skyscraper?
Louis Sullivan.
What transportation innovation helped extend city limits?
Electric trolleys.
What amenities attracted people to cities during this period?
Electricity, indoor plumbing, and telephones.
What major problem arose in cities due to increased waste?
Trash accumulation from throwaway bottles, boxes, bags, and cans.
Where did the New Immigrants of the 1880s primarily come from?
Southern and Eastern Europe.
What concerns did some Americans have about the New Immigrants?
They feared the immigrants would not assimilate into American culture.
What was 'America fever'?
The perception of the United States as a land of great opportunities.
What role did community bosses play for immigrants?
They provided jobs, housing, schools, parks, and hospitals in exchange for votes.
Who were Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden?
Protestant clergymen who sought to apply Christian lessons to urban issues.
What is a Settlement House?
A house in a poor urban area providing services like healthcare and daycare.
Who established Hull House?
Jane Addams.
What services did Hull House offer to immigrants?
Instruction in English, counseling, childcare services, and cultural activities.
What was the American Protective Association (APA)?
An antiforeigner organization urging votes against Roman Catholic candidates.
What was the significance of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
It barred Chinese immigrants from entering the United States.
What was the impact of Darwin's theory of evolution on religion?
It cast doubt on traditional religious beliefs.
What educational reforms occurred during this period?
Support for public education and expansion of teacher-training schools.
Who was Booker T. Washington?
A leading champion of black education who taught at Tuskegee, Alabama.
What was the state of public education in the South during this time?
The South lagged behind other regions, especially for African-Americans.
What was Booker T. Washington's approach to racial problems?
His self-help approach was labeled 'accommodationist' as it did not directly challenge white supremacy.
Who taught and researched at Tuskegee Institute in 1896?
George Washington Carver
What criticism did W.E.B. Du Bois have of Booker T. Washington?
Du Bois attacked Washington for condemning the black race to manual labor and perpetual inferiority.
What organization did W.E.B. Du Bois help to form in 1910?
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
What legislation granted public lands to support education in 1862?
The Morrill Act
What did the Hatch Act of 1887 provide?
Federal funds for establishing agricultural experiment stations in connection with land-grant colleges.
Which university was founded in 1876 and had the nation's first high-grade graduate school?
Johns Hopkins University
What significant impact did William James have?
He made a large impact in psychology through his numerous writings.
When was the Library of Congress founded?
1897
What invention in 1885 increased newspaper printing?
The Linotype
Who was a leader in the techniques of news sensationalism?
Joseph Pulitzer
What magazine was started by Edwin L. Godkin in 1865?
The New York Nation
What book did Henry George write in 1879?
Progress and Poverty
What did Edward Bellamy's novel 'Looking Backward' portray?
A future where big businesses are nationalized to serve the public interest.
What periodical did Victoria Woodhull publish in 1872?
Woodhull and Clafin's Weekly
What law did Anthony Comstock help pass?
The Comstock Law, which censored 'immoral' material.
What organization was founded in 1890 to promote women's suffrage?
The National American Woman Suffrage Association
Who helped launch the black women's club movement?
Ida B. Wells
What was the National Prohibition Party created for?
To address the increasing liquor consumption during the late 1800s.
What amendment banned alcohol in America in 1919?
The 18th Amendment
What genre of literature became popular with the increase in literacy?
Dime novels
Who wrote 'Ben Hur: A Tale of the Christ'?
General Lewis Wallace
What did Mark Twain oppose in his writings?
Social injustice
What did Stephen Crane write about?
The unpleasant side of life in urban, industrial America.
Who invented the phonograph?
Thomas Edison
What sport was emerging as the national pastime in the 1870s?
Baseball
Who invented basketball in 1891?
James Naismith