Gross Anatomy 2- Final Exam

The kidneys lie __ to the psoas major and __ to the vertebral column

Anterior

Lateral

What is the order in which urine passes through the kidneys?

Renal pyramid

Renal papilla

Minor calyx

Major calyx

Renal pelvis

Ureter

What vessel is compressed b/w the superior mesenteric artery and aorta?

Left renal vein

What is the order of layers covering the kidney from innermost to outermost?

Renal Capsule

Perinephric fat

Renal fascia

Paranephric fat

The three constrictions in the ureter occur at the pelvic brim, where the ureters enter the bladder, and at the __.

Ureteropelvic junction

What are the three arteries of the suprarenal gland?

Superior, Middle, Inferior Suprarenal artery

By size, what is the most highly innervated human organ?

Suprarenal gland

Weakness of the right crus can cause a hiatal hernia T/F

True

Which of the following nerves is sensory to the skin covering the pubis and gluteal region?

Iliohypogastric nerve

Which pelvic type is most problematic for child birth?

Platypelloid pelvis

Which pelvic type is ideal for childbirth?

Gynecoid pelvis

What passes through only the lesser sciatic notch?

Tendon of the obturator internus muscle

What functions to direct the fetal head forward during parturition?

Puborectalis

What are the two branches of the external iliac artery?

Deep circumflex artery

Inferior epigastric artery

The inferior gluteal nerve supplies the __ and functions in __.

Gluteus maximus muscle

Trunk control

What is the gluteus maximus important for?

Standing from a seated positon

Damage to which of the following nerves causes the pelvis to slump to the unsupported side during gait (Trendelenburg Sign)?

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

The right and left sympathetic trunks join together in front og the cocyx to form what?

Ganglion impar

What is the bluish white zone inferior to the pectinate line?

Anal pecten

What are the three parts of the external anal sphincter?

Subcutaneous

Superficial

Deep

External hemorrhoids are varicosities of the superior rectal vein T/F

False

External hemorrhoids are varicosities of the inferior rectal vein T/F

True

Internal hemorrhoids are bulging of anal columns and can be painless T/F

True

What extends b/w each of the ureteric orifices?

Interureteric crest

What is the median ridge which extends above and behind the internal urethral orifice?

Uvula of bladder

The median crest located on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra is what?

Urethral crest

What contains the ovarian vessels?

Suspensory ligament of ovary

What is the longest and widest part of the uterine tube?

Ampulla

The opening of the uterine tube near the ovary is the what?

Abdominal ostium

What is the most common place fertilization takes place?

Ampulla

What is the second most common place fertilization takes place?

Infundibulum

Where does an abdominal ectopic pregnancy implant?

In rectouterine pouch

The anteflexion is the lower end of the uterus and forms approximately a right angle with the vagina T/F

False

The anteversion is the lower end of the uterus and forms approximately a right angle with the vagina T/F

True

The superior, expanded portion of the vagina below the cervix is the vaginal vault T/F

True

The lower 1/4 of the vagina is drained by superficial inguinal nodes T/F

True

The risk of uterine prolapse include multiple births and __

Retroverted uterus

What muscle does not attach to the perineal body?

Ischiocavernosus

What nerve innervates all perineal muscles?

Perineal branch of the pudendal nerve

In a female what originates from the ischiopubic ramus side and forms a band anterior to the urethra?

Compressory urethrae

What can allow infection to spread from the anal triangle to the urogenital triangle?

Anterior recesses of ischioanal fossa

The inferior rectal artery is a branch of what?

Internal pudendal artery

Bikers may experience pain due to compression of what nerve?

Pudendal nerve

A right psoas sign would suggest what?

Appendicitis

The clitoris does not have a what?

Corpus spongiosum

What passes through both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

Pudendal nerve

Internal pudendal vessels

Nerve to obturator internus

What is a major source to structures within the pelvis?

Internal illiac artery

What are parasympathetic nerves which arise from the sacral segments of the spinal cord (S2-S4)?

Pelvic splanchnic nerve (Nervi Erigentes)

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the male bony pelvis?

Broad, shallow greater sciatic notch

Which of the following is not true of the part of the anal canal above the pectinate line?

Innervated by the pudendal nerve

Which of the following structures is partially drained by the portal system?

Rectum

Fertilization of the oocyte usually occurs within the?

Ampulla of the uterine tube

Which of the following structure is present only in males?

Internal urethral sphincter

The superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the __

Inferior phrenic artery

Which of the following is not a branch of the internal iliac atery?

Inferior epigastric artery

Which of the following nerves is sensory to the skin covering the pubic and gluteal region?

Iliohypogastric

Which of the following nerves supplies the tensor fasciae latae muscle?

Superior gluteal nerve

Which lobe of the prostate gland contains no glandular tissue?

Anterior lobe

Which of the following arteries exits the pelvis through the grater sciatic foamen superior to the piriformis?

Superior gluteal artery

External hemorrhoids are due to varicosities of __

Inferior rectal veins

Lymphatic drainage of the cervix is to the __

Internal iliac nodes

The seminal vesicles are one site where sperm is stored T/F

False

The ductus deferens transport __

Sperm only

The prostate gland produces __

non-alkaline component of sperm

The seminal vesicle produces __

Alkaline component of semen

The ejaculatory duct transports __

Sperm and alkaline components of semen only

The prostatic urethra transports __

Sperm, alkaline and non-alkaline components of semen

The peritoneal pouch which lies b/w the rectum and bladder in the male is called __

Rectovesical pouch

The subdivision of levator ani which functions to maintain the flexure at the anorectal jxn in the __

Puborectalis

Name an intrapelvic cause for sciatica other than misalignment of the sacrum

Pelvic tumors or piriformis syndrome

Name a structure which is endagered during hysterectomy due to its proximity to the uterus

Ureter

In the "anatomical nutcracker" what is the blood vessel which is in danger of being impinged upon by the superior mesenteric artery?

Left renal vein

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve originates from which spinal segments?

L2, L3

Of the five layers of the perineum listed below, which is the deepest (most internal)?

Deep perineal space

Which of the following structures does not pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Piriformis

The superior vesical artery is a direct branch of the __

Umbilical artery

Which of the following structures does not attach to the perineal body?

Ischiocavernosus

The lymphatic drainage of the lower one-fourth of the vagina is to the superficial inguinal nodes T/F

True

The lymphatics drainage of the upper three fourths of the vagina is to the internal iliac nodes T/F

True

The hypogastric nerves connect the superior hypogastric plexus to the inferior hypogastric plexus T/F

True

The three constrictions in the ureter occur at the ___, ___ and the __

Pelvic brim

Where ureters enter the bladder

Ureteropelvic junction

Bulging of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina is due to muscle damage caused by childbirth is called___

Rectocele