Exercise Physiology Unit 4 F (skeletal physiology)

periosteal

the outer surface of cortical bone 

endosteal

the inner surface of cortical bone connecting with marrow space

osteoclasts

giant multinucleated cells that play the primary role in bone resorption (breakdown)

osteoblasts

mature, active cells with the primary function of bone formation 

osteocytes

essential in activation in the bone remodeling cycle, coordinating Oc and Ob functions; sense mechanical loading, transmits signals to cells on bone surface; detect local microdamage for repair 

osteoporosis

a systematic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of boney tissue with a consequent (increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture)

the 5 fuctions of the skeletal system

Protection, movement, mineral storage and homeostasis, store/release fat, hematopoiesis 

bone

a living and growing tissue composed of organic and inorganic components 

cortical/compact bone

dense layer on the outside of all bones; makes up ~80% of total bone mass, made up of cylindrical units called osteons; osteon center contains the nerves and blood vessels

trabecular/spongy bone

honeycomb vertical and horizontal bracing on the inside of the cortical shell that provides strength without compromising weight; 15-20% volume is calcium