Human Anatomy Lecture Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering basic anatomy definitions, levels of organization, body systems, anatomical terminology, and body cavities.

Anatomy

The study of structure, derived from terms meaning "to cut up" or "to cut open."

Cytology

A type of microscopic anatomy that focuses on the structure of cells.

Histology

A type of microscopic anatomy that involves the study of tissues.

Gross Anatomy

Anatomy that can be studied via systems (entire body) or regional (specific system) approaches; includes developmental embryology, pathology, and surface anatomy.

Chemical Level

The level of organization involving atoms and molecules.

Cellular Level

The level of organization consisting of cells.

Tissue Level

The level of organization where similar cells work together, such as epithelial tissue.

Organ Level

The level of organization consisting of structures like the small intestine.

Organ System Level

The level of organization involving multiple organs working together, such as the whole Digestive System.

Organismal Level

The highest level of human organization.

What are the four different types of tissues

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous

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Integumentary System

The skin system that provides protection, regulates body temperature, and prevents water loss.

Skeletal System

Provides internal support and protection of internal organs, allows for body movement, and creates a frame for muscles to pull on.

Muscular System

Provides body movement and generates heat when muscles contract.

Nervous System

The system responsible for communication, regulation, responding to sensory stimuli, and controlling all body systems.

Endocrine System

Consists of glands and cell clusters that control the body long-term through the use of hormones.

Cardiovascular System

Consists of the heart and blood vessels to distribute cells, hormones, nutrients, and gases, and handles cellular waste control.

Lymphatic System

Transports and filters lymph and initiates an immune response when necessary.

Respiratory System

Responsible for the gas exchange between the blood and the lungs.

Digestive System

Mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels wastes.

Urinary System

Filters blood to move wastes, which are normal body metabolites.

Reproductive System

Produces sex cells (sperm in males, eggs in females) and hormones.

Anatomical Position

A reference stance where the body is upright, toes forward, face forward, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

Coronal / Frontal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sides; it is not symmetrical.

Transverse Plane

A plane that divides the body into top (superior) and half (inferior) sections; it is not symmetrical.

Sagittal / Mid-Sagittal Plane

A plane that divides the body into left and right sides; it is symmetrical externally but not internally.

Oblique Plane

Any plane that passes through a specimen at a unique angle.

Anterior

A directional term meaning closer to the front of the body.

Posterior

A directional term meaning closer to the back of the body.

Superior

A directional term meaning towards the head of the body.

Inferior

A directional term meaning towards the feet of the body.

Proximal

A directional term meaning a structure is closer to the trunk along a limb.

Distal

A directional term meaning a structure is farther away from the trunk along a limb.

Medial

A directional term meaning closer to the midline.

Lateral

A directional term meaning farther from the midline.

Deep

A directional term meaning towards the inside of the body.

Superficial

A directional term meaning towards the outside or surface of the body.

Cranial Cavity

Part of the posterior aspect of the body cavities located in the head.

Vertebral Canal

Part of the posterior aspect of the body cavities that houses the spinal cord.

Ventral Cavity

The front body cavity which includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Diaphragm

The structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A ventral cavity comprised of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.

Epigastric Region

The superior middle region of the nine abdominopelvic regions.

Umbilical Region

The central region of the nine abdominopelvic regions.

Hypogastric Region

The inferior middle region of the nine abdominopelvic regions.

Hypochondriac Region

The regions located to the left and right of the epigastric region.

Lumbar Region

The regions located to the left and right of the umbilical region.

Iliac Region

The regions located to the left and right of the hypogastric region.