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86 Terms
Metalloids
Which class of elements does arsenic belong to?
Earth's crust
Where is arsenic found in nature?
Pesticides, medicine, and pigments
For what purposes has arsenic been used throughout history?
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)
Which disease is arsenic used to treat today?
Severe gastrointestinal issues (vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea)
What are the short-term symptoms of arsenic poisoning?
The Marsh Test
What is the name of the test used to detect arsenic poisoning?
Ancient Greek, Roman, Chinese, and Egyptian civilizations
In which civilizations was arsenic first used?
Mining, smelting, and industrial processes
What human activities release arsenic into the environment?
A Greek physician and botanist who identified arsenic as both a poison and a medicine
Who was Dioscorides and what did he contribute to arsenic knowledge?
It mimicked natural diseases
Why was arsenic poisoning difficult to detect before modern science?
Modu Chanyu (Maodun)
What was Mete Han’s real name?
Passive or secluded domestic role
Which of the following is not the role of women in steppe society?
Pope Leo I’s intervention
Why was Attila’s campaign against Rome canceled?
Teoman
Who founded the first Turkic state (the Xiongnu)?
Yurt (Ger)
What is the name of the traditional nomadic Turkic tents?
Belief in the afterlife
Why were the Turks buried together with their horses?
Connection to Tengri and the sky
Why were mountains considered sacred by the Turks?
A burial mound (tomb structure)
What is a kurgan?
Mediator between worlds
What is one of the duties of a shaman (kam)?
Pouring water behind someone leaving on a journey
What is one tradition of the Steppe Turks that has survived to the present day?
Yaja (Yagan Jaseup)
What is the name given to the "Night Self-Study System" in South Korea?
Hagwon
What is the name given to private tutoring academies?
Human capital (education)
What was the only resource South Korea relied on to rebuild after the Korean War?
Education fever (Kyoyuk-yeol)
What is the term that means "passion for education"?
The Asian Financial Crisis (IMF Crisis)
Although South Korea's education system declined in 1997, what was the reason?
To broadly benefit humanity
What is "Hongik Ingan" the motto of South Korea's education system?
Programme for International Student Assessment
What is the PISA exam?
1950–1953
When did the Korean War take place?
Pasi Sahlberg
Who is the scholar associated with Finland’s education system?
9 years
What is the duration of education in the Peruskoulu system in Finland?
The stratosphere (ozone layer)
Which part of the atmosphere is damaged by CFCs?
Non-toxic and non-flammable
Why was Freon initially considered safe?
They used toxic and dangerous gases
What was the main problem with early refrigerators?
He promoted leaded gasoline despite its toxicity
Why did Thomas Midgley Jr. become controversial?
Fatigue, abdominal pain, neurological issues
What are the symptoms of lead poisoning?
Walter C. Teagle
Who ignored concerns about lead toxicity at Standard Oil?
By studying ice cores and lake sediments
How did scientists determine when lead pollution began?
Engine knocking (detonation)
What engine problem led to the invention of leaded gasoline?
World War II
After which event did demand for leaded gasoline increase?
General Motors (GM)
Which company did Thomas Midgley Jr. work for?
Cities being warmer than surrounding rural areas
What is the Urban Heat Island effect?
Urbanization and artificial surfaces replacing natural land
What causes the Urban Heat Island effect?
About 2°C to 10°C higher
What is the typical temperature difference in Urban Heat Islands?
Evapotranspiration
What natural process cools the environment in rural areas?
Loss of green areas
Why does evapotranspiration decrease in cities?
They absorb and trap heat
How do artificial surfaces like asphalt affect temperature?
It is released back into the atmosphere
What happens to heat in cities at night?
Human-made heat sources
What are anthropogenic heat sources?
Air conditioners or metro systems
Give one example of anthropogenic heat sources.
They release heat into the environment
How do air conditioners contribute to urban heat?
They create constant heat underground
How do metro systems affect underground temperature?
It accumulates in soil and groundwater
What happens to heat beneath cities?
Using heat from the first 100 meters of the Earth
What is shallow geothermal energy (SGE)?
Heat pump
What is the main device used in SGE systems?
Increases or transfers heat for use
What does a heat pump do?
Collector, heat pump, distribution system
What are the three main parts of SGE systems?
Uses groundwater directly
What is an open-loop system?
Circulates fluid in pipes underground
What is a closed-loop system?
Closed-loop system
Which SGE system is more common?
Lower maintenance and safer
Why is the closed-loop system preferred?
Yes
Is shallow geothermal energy renewable?
It produces low or no emissions
Why is SGE environmentally friendly?
They are reliable year-round
What is one advantage of SGE systems?
Up to 100 meters
What is the depth range used in shallow geothermal systems?
IEA (International Energy Agency)
What organization proposed replacing gas boilers with heat pumps?
Reduce natural gas dependency
What is the goal of the IEA plan?
About 2 billion cubic meters
How much gas can be saved according to IEA?
20% emission reduction, 20% efficiency, 20% renewable energy
What are the EU 20/20/20 targets?
It reduces dependence on imports
Why is SGE important for energy security?
Low capacity and limited use
What is Turkey’s status in SGE usage?
Sweden, Germany, Finland
Which countries are leaders in SGE?
To reduce energy costs and dependency
Why is SGE important for Turkey?
They reduce fossil fuel use
What is the role of heat pumps in climate goals?
They are disrupted
What happens to natural cooling systems in cities?
Less cooling and more heat
What is the effect of losing vegetation in cities?
Concrete and asphalt
What type of surfaces increase heat accumulation?
Heat stored in the ground
What is meant by “thermal energy accumulation”?
It is a constant energy source
What is one benefit of using underground heat?
Heating and cooling
What is the main purpose of SGE systems in buildings?
It can be reused as energy
Why is underground heat considered valuable?
A continuously available natural source
What does “renewable energy” mean in this context?
Increased temperature
What is one disadvantage of urbanization?
Thermal energy
What kind of energy is created by urban heat?
They release excess heat
What is the role of industrial areas in heat increase?
Heat the surrounding ground
What do high voltage cables do to soil?
Reducing carbon emissions
What is one major global energy goal?