CDE 2104: Socio-Emo Development

self concept

peoples beliefs about themselves

self esteem

persons evaluation of their personal value

gender

pattern of roles and behaviors we associate with being a boy or girl/ their sex (assigned at birth)

gender identity

children adopt pattern roles

agender

person doesn’t identify as any gender

genderfluid

mix of both genders

estrogens

promotes female body characteristics

androgens

promotes male body characteristics

psychoanalytic theory (Freud)

3-6: phallic stage focusing on genitals

children develop sexual attraction to opposite-sex parent

Jealous of same-sex parent

social cognitive theory of gender

gender learned through observation, imitation, and rewards/punishments

Cognitive Developmental Theory: Kohlberg

3 stages

1. Develop gender identity

2. Develop gender stability (gender remains the same typically)

3. Develop gender constancy (understanding a gender remains even w/ appearance change)

gender schema theory

suggechildren build schemas about gender early in life

basic emotions

joy, anger, surprise, interest, disgust, distress, sad, fear

1. Subjective feeling

2. Physiological change

3. Overt behavior

emotional literacy

ability to identify, understand, and express/regulate emotions

moral development

thoughts, feelings, behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in interactions with other people

positive social behavior

children increasingly act in prosocial ways, (empathy and oxytocin)

antisocial behavior

known as negative social behavior, can take place in many forms (aggression and its means/form)

hostile aggression

intent to hurt the victim

instrumental aggression

is used to achieve a goal

theory of moral development (Piaget)

Moral reasoning — interested in how children think about moral issues (two stages)

1. Heteronomous Morality

2. Autonomous Morality

Heteronomous Morality (5-7)

justice and rules are unchangeable

immanent justice

if a rule is broken, punishment is handed out immediately

Theory of Moral Development (Kohlberg)

Three levels with six stages to reflect our progression through moral development

1. Preconventional - Children learn fear of punishment and see rules as fixed an absolute

gender constancy

understanding that gender stays the same even when appearance changes

age of gendered behavior

3 years old

evolutionary psychology

gender differences evolved because they helped survival over time

coproral punishment

physical, intended to hurt a person

practice play

repeated actions to master skills

social play

involves interactions with peers

constructive play

activities that build on the skills children are practicing and used to create something

games

activities that have rules and are fun

associative play

children interact with each other but don’t have a common goal

cooperative play

children have a common goal in play, teamwork