energy and temperature

What is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?

100℃

At what temperature does a match burn?

250℃

Why doesn't a beaker of water boil when placed just above a match?

The beaker of water does not reach the boiling point despite being heated by the match.

What are the five energy stores?

Gravitational potential energy, chemical energy, elastic energy, thermal energy, kinetic energy.

What are the ways to transfer energy between stores?

Electrical current, radiation, waves, and heating.

What is the unit of temperature?

Degrees Celsius (°C)

What is the unit of energy?

Joules (J)

What is temperature?

A measure of how hot or cold something is, measured using a thermometer.

How does temperature relate to energy in a swimming pool vs. a beaker of water?

Both can be at the same temperature, but the swimming pool has a larger thermal store of energy.

What happens to particles when a solid is heated?

The particles vibrate more.

What happens to particles when a liquid or gas is heated?

The particles move faster and vibrate more.

What is thermal equilibrium?

The state where two or more objects in thermal contact reach the same temperature, resulting in no net transfer of thermal energy.

What occurs when heat energy moves between objects?

Heat energy moves from hotter objects to cooler objects until equilibrium is reached.

What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

Particles are arranged in a fixed pattern and touch their neighbors, vibrating in place.

What is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

Particles are close together but can slide over each other, allowing liquids to flow.

What is the arrangement of particles in a gas?

Particles are spread out and move freely in all directions.

What happens to the temperature of a cold drink when taken out of the fridge?

The temperature of the drink increases as it absorbs heat from the surrounding air.

What happens to the temperature of a hot drink when left out?

The temperature of the drink decreases as it loses heat to the surrounding air.

What is meant by 'wasted' energy?

Energy that is not used for the intended purpose, often lost as heat or sound.

How does mass affect the energy required to change temperature?

The energy needed depends on the mass of the material, what it is made of, and the desired temperature rise.

What is the significance of the temperature difference in energy transfer?

A greater temperature difference results in a faster rate of energy transfer until equilibrium is reached.

What occurs to the motion of particles in a metal tray when it is heated?

The particles in the metal tray gain energy, move faster, and vibrate more as the temperature increases.

What is the relationship between temperature and energy in thermal stores?

Temperature does not depend on the amount of material, but the energy stored does.

What happens to the temperature of lemonade placed in a warmer room?

Heat energy flows from the warmer air to the cooler lemonade, raising its temperature.

What is the role of a thermometer?

A thermometer measures temperature, often using a liquid that expands with heat.

What happens to particles in a gas when heated?

They move faster and spread out more, increasing the gas's volume.

What is the main difference between temperature and energy?

Temperature measures how hot or cold something is, while energy refers to the total amount of thermal energy stored.

What is static electricity?

A buildup of electric charge on the surface of objects.

How can you make a balloon stick to a wall?

Rub the balloon on your hair or a wool sweater to build up static electricity, then press it against the wall.

What happens to the charges of a balloon when rubbed on hair?

The balloon becomes negatively charged, while the hair loses electrons and becomes positively charged.

What is the charge of an object that has no net charge?

Neutral.

What do oppositely charged objects do?

They attract each other.

What do like-charged objects do?

They repel each other.

What surrounds charged objects?

An electric field.

What is the effect of friction on charging objects?

Friction can transfer electrons from one object to another, causing one to become positively charged and the other negatively charged.

What happens when two polythene rods are rubbed with cloth and brought close together?

They will repel each other if they have the same charge.

What particles make up an atom?

Electrons (negative), protons (positive), and neutrons (neutral).

What is the role of electrons in static electricity?

Electrons are transferred between objects, leading to a charge imbalance.

What is a Van de Graaff generator used for?

To build up a static charge using friction.

What is an electric current?

The flow of electric charge through a conductor.

What happens during a lightning strike?

A rapid discharge of static electricity due to a buildup of charge in clouds.

What is the difference between gravitational and electric fields?

Gravitational fields only attract, while electric fields can attract and repel.

What is the significance of the term 'neutral' in terms of charge?

It refers to an object that has equal numbers of positive and negative charges.

What is the relationship between electric fields and forces?

Electric fields produce non-contact forces that can attract or repel charges.

What happens to the charges on a wall when a charged balloon is brought near it?

The balloon repels like charges from the wall and attracts opposite charges.

What is the role of friction in charging objects?

Friction causes the transfer of electrons, resulting in one object becoming positively charged and the other negatively charged.

What are the keywords associated with static electricity?

Electric Charge, Electron, Proton, Neutron, Atom, Negative, Positive, Neutral, Attract, Repel, Electric Field.