Process

The diagram delineate the process by which … is produced / manufactured = the diagram illustrates the steps that need to be taken to produce …

Introduction (pharaphrase đề)

Looking from an overall perspective, it is apparent that this process involves / includes of / consists of … main steps / phases commencing with … and concluding with ….

Overall (tóm tắt các bước chính trong process, bắt đầu với và kết thúc với)

In the first stage = initially → before = prior to → Once / as soon as + S + V→ From that point → subsequently → In the next / following step → In the final step

Simultaneously = at the same time (dùng để nói về những thứ đang diễn ra trong stage này)

transitional words trong body

Luôn dùng thì hiện tại đơn

Nếu dạng bài về quy trình sản xuất / chế tạo ra cái gì đó → dùng thể bị động

Nếu về quy trình tự nhiên / phát triển của con gì, cái gì đó → dùng thể chủ động

Lưu ý

be extracted / harvested from

được chiết xuất / thu hoạch từ

ex: raw materials are extracted from the ground.

be sorted into different sizes / grades

ex: the fresh fruits are sorted into different sizes before being washed.

renew the cycle

có thể dùng ở cuối bài với những diagram có dạng cycle

ex: the vehicles in turn release carbon dioxide into the air, which is absorbed by trees, renewing the cycle.

be filtered out impurities

ex: after that, workers remove impurities from the water by using a filter / filtering machine.

be transported by using a conveyor belt (băng chuyền)

ex: Subsequently, the sorted fruits are transported via a conveyor belt to processing facilities.

be crushed / ground into small pieces (ground là v2 / v3 của grind)

ex: In the next stage, the sorted garbage is crushed into small pieces

be heated to a temperature of …

ex: the mixture is heated to a high temperature by using a large furnace

be mixed / combined into

ex: the powder and water are combined by a mixing tank until they become dense.

to be melted into a liquid

ex: the recycle plastic is melted into a liquid form.

be poured into a mould

đổ vào một cái khuôn (để tạo hình)

ex: After that, the heated liquid is poured into a mould so that it can harden into the desired shape.

be pressed into shape

được ép thành hình

ex: Before being painted, the metal sheets are pressed into shape using a heavy roller.

Be left to cool / under go a cooling process.

ex: Once they are removed from the fridge, the glass bottles undergo a cooling process for 2 hours.

undergo a quality control / strict inspection

ex: All finished products must undergo a quality control inspection before being sold to customers.

be packed into boxes / packages

ex: After passing the quality check, the products are packed into boxes and distributed to supermarket, ready for sales.

be labelled accurately

ex: After undergoing all the processing steps, the bottles are labelled accurately, ensuring that customers can read the information correctly.

be stored in a warehouse

ex: The goods are stored in a warehouse, ready to be transported to factories by trucks.

be distributed to retail outlets / supermarkets.

ex: Finally, the fully packaged orange juice is distributed to retail outlets, where they are sold to customers.

a conveyor belt

dây chuyền vận chuyển

a pipeline (đường ống)

ex: the clean water is pumped into factories using pipelines.

a crane (cần cẩu)

ex: the heavy rocks are lifted by a crane so that they can be ground into small pieces by a crusher.

a crusher (máy nghiền) / a grinder (máy xay)

ex: the raw materials are then put into a crusher, where they are ground into powder.

a mixer / mixing tank

máy trộn

a filter / filtering machine

ex: màng lọc / máy lọc

a furnace (lò nung)

ex: the mixture is heated to the temperature of 1500 Celsius degree in a furnace, and then is poured into a mould so that it can harden to the desired shape.

a roller (máy cán)

ex: Once the wet paper passes through a heated roller, it is flattened and dried simultaneously.

a warehouse / storage facility

ex: The fully packaged goods are kept in a warehouse until they are ready to be distributed to retail outlets.

mate / breed (giao phối)

ex: after the adult frogs breed, the female lays its eggs in the shallow water.

lay eggs

ex: after the adult frogs breed, the female lays its eggs in the shallow water.

hatch (from an egg)

ex: once the eggs hatch, small larvae emerge and start searching for food.

shed its skin (lột da)

ex: As the caterpillar grows in size, it sheds its skin several times before forming a cocoon.

form a cocoon (tạo kén)

ex: As the caterpillar grows in size, it sheds its skin several times before forming a cocoon.

germinate (nảy mầm)

ex: after the seed is buried in the soil, it start developing gradually under two conditions of sufficient sunlight and water until germinating.

emerge and develop into

ex: when the transformation process is finished, a fully-grown butterfly emerges from the cocoon.

migrate to (di cư đến)

ex: before the winter arrives, the birds migrate to warmer regions in order to find sufficient food.

to evaporate into

ex: as the sun heats the surface of the ocean, the water evaporates into the air, where it becomes water vapour.

to condense (ngưng tụ)

ex: once the water vapour rises and cools down, it condenses and forms large clouds.

run off (chảy xuống)

ex: after the snow melts from the mountain peaks, it runs off and mixes with the water in the river, which eventually go into the ocean.

be conveyed into a machine

ex: subsequently, the gathered plants are then conveyed into a chipping machine.

be ready for the next stage

có thể dùng ở cuối body 1 để nối 2 đoạn body.

Regarding the first … steps / Turning to the remaining steps

có thể dùng để ba

powertrain

động cơ của car

find ones mating partner (tìm bạn tình theo nghĩa động vật)

ex: In the final stage, matured fish find their mating partners and move to different regions altogether, where they reproduce and lay their eggs, renewing the cycle.

Introduction natural

The drawing illustrates the cycle of + S +, from … to …

The drawing illustrates how …