chap 41 reproduction

What is asexual reproduction?

Reproduction without fusion of gametes producing identical offspring

What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

Lack of genetic diversity

What is budding?

Growth of a new organism from the parent

What is regeneration?

Regrowth of lost body parts or entire organism

What is parthenogenesis?

Development from an unfertilized egg

What is sexual reproduction?

Fusion of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote

Why is sexual reproduction beneficial?

It increases genetic diversity

Where are gametes produced?

In the gonads

What are male gametes?

Sperm

What are female gametes?

Eggs

What is fertilization?

Fusion of sperm and egg

What is the acrosomal reaction?

Release of enzymes to penetrate the egg

What is polyspermy?

Entry of multiple sperm into one egg

Why must polyspermy be prevented?

It leads to abnormal development

What is external fertilization?

Fertilization outside the body

What is internal fertilization?

Fertilization inside the female body

What is a dioecious species?

Species with separate sexes

What is a hermaphrodite?

An organism with both male and female organs

What is oviparous?

Eggs develop outside the body

What is viviparous?

Embryo develops inside the mother

What is ovoviviparous?

Eggs hatch inside the mother

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Seminiferous tubules

What do Sertoli cells do?

Nourish developing sperm

What do Leydig cells produce?

Testosterone

What is the sperm pathway?

Testes → epididymis → vas deferens → urethra

What do seminal vesicles produce?

Fructose-rich fluid

What does the prostate gland do?

Adds alkaline fluid

What do bulbourethral glands do?

Provide lubrication

What hormone controls male reproduction?

Testosterone

What hormones stimulate testes?

LH and FSH

Where does fertilization occur?

Oviduct

What is a blastocyst?

Early stage embryo

What is implantation?

Attachment to uterus lining

What is the ovarian cycle?

Process of egg development and hormone production

What happens during ovulation?

Egg is released from ovary

What is the corpus luteum?

Structure that produces progesterone

What is the uterine cycle?

Changes in the uterus lining

What is menstruation?

Shedding of the uterine lining

What hormone maintains pregnancy early on?

hCG

What does the placenta do?

Exchanges nutrients and produces hormones

What hormone triggers childbirth?

Oxytocin

What type of feedback occurs in labor?

Positive feedback

What is IVF?

Fertilization outside the body

What is artificial insemination?

Placement of sperm into female reproductive tract