Cells and Cell Theory
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Last updated 1:33 AM on 12/13/22
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76 Terms
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Pili
Hair like organelles that are used to stick to surfaces and other bacteria
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Capsule
Strong, armor like outer coating
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Cytoplasm
The gooey substance on the inside of the cell where most chemical reactions take place
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Chromatin
Uncontained, free floating strands of DNA
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Cytoplasm
The gooey substance on the inside of the cell where most chemical reactions take place. In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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Flagella
Tail like things used to move the cell through water.
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Pili
Hair like organelles in prokaryotic cells that are used to stick to surfaces and other bacteria.
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Antibiotics
One way to fight of diseases, specifically those caused by bacteria.
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Koch's postulates
Steps to find if a microorganism is causing disease.
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Pathogens
Things that cause disease. Includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists and parasites
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Cell membrane
Controls what goes in /out of cells. Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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Prokaryotic cells
The smaller, less complex type of cells.
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Antibiotics
These stop metabolism in bacterial cells to stop them from causing disease.
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Coccus
Circular shape bacteria
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Bacillus
Oval/sausage shape bacteria
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Spiral
Spiral/ spring shape bacteria
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Pili
Hair like organelles that are used to stick to surfaces and other bacteria
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Capsule
Strong, armor like outer coating of prokaryotic (bacterial) cells. Only some cells have them.
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Cytoplasm
The gooey substance on the inside of the cell where most chemical reactions take place
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DNA
Instrutions that tell the cell what to do.
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Loose
In prokaryotic cells, DNA is in ______ strands.
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Plasmids
Coiled circles of DNA found in prokaryotic cells.
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All
_____ cells contain DNA/ RNA, ribsosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm.
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Prokaryotic
The type of cells without a nucleus
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Eukaryotic
The type of cell with a nucleus
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Eukaryotic
The larger, more complex type of cells.
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Nuclear membrane
The double layer membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
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Nuclear pore
A hole in the membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
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Nucleolus
A organelle inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made.
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Chromosomes
Tightly wound up DNA inside the nucleus for when cells are dividing. Can't read DNA in this form.
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Chromatin
Loose DNA inside the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Can read DNA in this form.
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Centrioles
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that is important for cell division.
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Lysosome
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains powerful enzymes to break down stuff that is no longer needed/ dangerous.
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Ribosomes
An organelle in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells that makes proteins.
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Vacuoles
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that is used for storing things. Animal cells have small ones, while plant cells have one large one.
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Rough ER
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that transports proteins around the cell. Has ribosomes on it.
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Smooth ER
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes lipids. Section of the ER without ribosomes on it.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
"ER". Internal transport in eukaryotic cells.
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Golgi body
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that exports materials in vesicles.
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Mitochondria
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes ATP.
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Cytoskeleton
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that gives structure to the cell. It is made up of very long, invisible protein molecules.
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Cell theory
These make up what theory?
1\. All living things are made of 1+ cells
2\. Cells come from pre-existing cells
3\. Cells are responsible for all structures and functions of life
1\. All living things are made of 1+ cells
2\. Cells come from pre-existing cells
3\. Cells are responsible for all structures and functions of life
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Microscope
The technology that was used to create cell theory?
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Spontaneous generation
The incorrect theory that life could be made from non-living things. Ex: Flies are created by fruit.
This was the thought system before cell theory was accepted.
This was the thought system before cell theory was accepted.
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Cell specialization
A cell has a specific function in a multicellular organism
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Specialized cells
Unicellular organisms (bacteria, protists) and STEM cells to not have ___________ _______.
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Never
Prokaryotic cells ______ have cell specialization.
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Chloroplasts
The organelle in plant cells that makes energy out of sunlight.
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Anaerobic bacteria evolved __ billion years ago. (Prokaryotic cells)
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3
Photosynthetic bacteria evolved around __ billion years ago and introduced oxygen to earth.
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2
The first eukaryotic cells evolved around __ billion years ago.
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500
the first multicellular life evolved around ___ million years ago.
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Endosymbiotic theory
An explanation for how eukaryotic cells evolved. It says that mitochondria and chloroplasts used to be independent cells but were absorbed by a larger cell to form eukaryotic cells. The mitochondria and chloroplasts lived and divided and performed things as usual, but now just as a part of the larger cell.
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Lynn Margulis
Who proposed endosymbiotic theory?
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Robert Hooke
English scientist who discovered cells, naming them after prison/monastery cells.
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Anton van Leuwenhoek
The first person to describe single celled life, invented single lens microscope.
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Theodor Schwann
Studied animal cells, defining the cell as the basic unit of animal structure. Collaborated with Matthias Schleiden.
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Matthias Schleiden
Studied plant cells, defining the cell as the basic unit of plant structure. Collaborated with Theodor Schwann.
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Louis Pasteur
Showed how microbes caused disease and invented the system for pasteurizing something.
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Rudolf Virchow
Proposed that cells come from pre-existing cells.
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Ocular lens
What is #1 in the image?
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Objective lenses
What is #2 in the image?
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Stage
What is #3 in the image
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Lamp
What is #4 in the image
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Neck
What is #5 in the image
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Coarse wheel adjustment
What is #6 in the image
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Base
What is #7 in the image
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Low power objective
The medium focus for a microscope, 100X magnification.
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Scanning power objective
The smallest focus for a microscope, 40X magnification.
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High power objective
The high focus for a microscope, 400X magnification
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Eye peice
Lens to which you place your eye
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base
helps support the microscope
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body tube
allows light to pass from lens to eyepiece
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stage clips
holds the slide in position
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mirror/lamp
used as a means of a light source
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coarse wheel adjustment
moves the stage up or down
