Chapter 9

The integumentary system consists of the skin and its accessory structures such as hair, nails, and __.

glands.

The primary role of the integumentary system is __ from microbes and trauma.

protection

The outermost layer of skin is called the __.

epidermis.

The deepest part of the epidermis where new cells are born is the __.

stratum germinativum.

During keratinization, cells become flat and __ as they move up.

waterproof

__ are cells that produce melanin to protect against UV radiation.

Melanocytes

The second layer of skin, made of vascular connective tissue, is called the __.

dermis.

The dermis helps regulate body temperature by __ or constricting blood vessels.

dilating

The subcutaneous layer, also known as the __, anchors the layers of skin above.

hypodermis

Hair is formed by epidermal cells in the __.

dermis

The __ is the white crescent at the base of the nail representing new growth.

lunula

__ glands are found everywhere, especially on the palms and soles, and help in cooling.

Eccrine sweat

The __ sweat glands are activated at puberty and cause body odor.

apocrine

Sebaceous glands secrete __ to lubricate skin and hair.

lipid-rich sebum

Chronic illnesses like liver failure can cause __ or itching of the skin.

skin discoloration

When assessing a patient, the OLD CARTS acronym stands for Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, __ factors, Related symptoms, Treatment, and Severity.

Aggravating

Pruritus, or itching, can indicate allergies, dry skin, or __ diseases like lymphoma.

systemic

In pressure ulcer assessment, Stage 1 is characterized by intact skin with nonblanchable __.

redness

A partial-thickness loss of skin in pressure ulcers appears as a shallow open ulcer or a __ with exposed dermis.

blister

In Stage 3 pressure ulcers, full-thickness loss may reveal __ but no bone or muscle.

subcutaneous fat

Full-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle characterizes Stage __ pressure ulcers.

4

Herpes Zoster, or shingles, is a reactivation of __.

chickenpox

Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that appears __, red, and tender.

warm

is a localized, painful, pus-filled lesion originating from a hair follicle.

Furuncle

Tinea, commonly known as ringworm, is a __ infection.

fungal

Atopic dermatitis often occurs with chronic, itchy, red lesions that are associated with __.

asthma/allergies

The ABCDE rule is used to assess __ for melanoma.

skin cancers

Basal Cell Carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, often appearing __ and nodular.

shiny

Pressure injuries are caused by sustained __, shear, or friction.

pressure

__ can indicate abuse in skin assessments, noted by their unique patterns and colors.

Bruises