Chapter 11 inquizitive

According to positive psychology as originally formulated, which of the following are components of authentic happiness?

Correct positive emotions, engagement in life, meaning in life Incorrect material affluence

professional success

Compared to the traditional Western medical model, which of the following new insights from health psychology increases our understanding of health and disease?

Correct Answer the importance of lifestyle factors to physical health, the role of mental states in regulating health Incorrect answers the value of preventive medicine

the definition of health as a lack of disease

Which of the following factors contribute to obesity?

Correct Answer(s)

People choose foods high in sugar and fat over nutritious foods.

People eat more when given larger portions, such as in many restaurants.

For overweight people, food triggers more activity in the brain centers involved with reward.

People eat more when there is a wide variety of food, such as at buffets.

People with obese parents are genetically predisposed to the development of obesity.

According to Taylor and her colleagues' (2002, 2006) research findings on the relationship between gender and responses to stress, which of the following is accurate?

woman are more likely then men to show a tend and befriend response to stress

1 directly solving the problem 2. deciding if something is stressful, benign, or irrelevant 3. deciding how to cope with the stressor 4. downplaying or preventing an emotional response to a stressor

1.problem-focused coping 2. primary appraisal 3. secondary appraisal 4. emotion-focused coping

Match the factors associated with the biopsychosocial model with their appropriate examples

having good stress-coping strategies - psychological

spending time with friends with positive energy- social

being born with diabetes- biological

thinking positively- psychological

having a strong immune system- biological

Classify each source of stress as either a major life stressor or a daily hassle.

major life stressor(getting married being named in a lawsuit) Daily hassle living in crowded conditions

chronic overwork

How do people with hardy or stress-resistant personalities deal with stressful events?

They show commitment to work through problems.

They see themselves as having control.

They see stressors as positive challenges.

the stress of a positive event

eustress

the stress of a negative event

distress

threat or demand from the environment

stressor

affects how likely we are to have a stress response

mediating factor

a behavioral, mental, and/or physical reaction to an environmental stimulus

stress response

How does chronic stress affect the heart?

It causes plaque buildup on arteries.

It constricts blood vessels.

It causes blood clots.

Which of the following personality traits predict a high risk for heart disease?

hostility

depression

Match each stage of the general adaptation syndrome with its corresponding physiological changes.

Physiological and immune systems begin to fail.- exhaustion stage

The immune system increases its activity in an attempt to fight off the stressors.- resistance stage

Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure go up. - alarm stage

How do more resilient people respond to stress compared to less resilient people?

They use emotional resources flexibly in times of stress.

They bounce back quickly in times of adversity.

In a research study on aerobic exercise in sedentary older adults, which of the following changes occurred in the group that performed aerobic exercise?

improved cognition

improved memory among people with moderate memory problems

increased brain volume

Regarding the causes of obesity, what is the best summary of the relationship between genetic and environmental influences?

Genetics determines whether a person can become obese, but environment determines whether that person will become obese.

Which of the following people make life choices associated with greater health and well-being?

Chris is a member of a large motorcycle club, and they ride together every weekend.

Annika joined a support group for women who have recently been widowed.

Match each positive thinking strategy with its corresponding example.

When Paula's car was being repaired, she enjoyed getting to know the coworker who drove her to work.- positive reappraisal

Andrew had to repair his car, but he reminded himself that, unlike some of his friends, at least he had a car to repair.- downward comparison

Clarisse's she found enjoyment in cooking and listening to music -giving positive meaning to ordinary events

Which of the following are effects of an active spiritual life

facilitates coping with stress

gives meaning to one's life

provides social support

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and other sources, which of the following are some trends in obesity rates?

Obesity rates are rising dramatically in Western countries.

The number of obese children in the United States has quadrupled.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the genetic influences of obesity.

Various family and adoption studies indicate that genetics accounts for approximately 50 percent of the variability in body weight. In the 1980s, one of the best and largest studies on obesity was conducted in Denmark. Researchers found that the body weight of adopted children was strongly related to the body weight of their biological parents, not their adoptive parents. Studies of twins provide more evidence of the genetic influence over body weight. Identical twins tend to have similar body weights whether they are raised together or apart.

How does stress affect our immune systems?

Healthy people with higher levels of stress developed worse cold symptoms when swabbed with the cold virus.

People with stressful jobs tend to have more health problems.

The fight-or-flight response leads to a boost in the immune system

How can having a strong social network influence one's health?

People who receive social support are better able to cope with stressful events.

People with many friends live longer than people with few friends.

People with large social networks are less likely to be ill.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about healthy eating

For improved health and well-being, eat a varied diet that emphasizes natural foods over processed ones, and fruits, vegetables, and whole grains over meats. Avoid trans fat. Finally, eat only when hungry, and limit your portions.

Smoking is a leading cause of death, and those who start smoking in adolescence have a shorter life expectancy. Despite this fact, what are some of the reasons adolescents start smoking?

They want to enhance their self-image or public image.

Their parents or friends smoke.

Smokers in movies and on TV are depicted as glamorous.

They overestimate the number of smokers in the general population.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the fight-or-flight response.

The fight-or-flight response occurs during the alarm stage of the general adaption syndrome. This is an emergency reaction as the body prepares to either fight or take flight from a stressor. Immediately, the body boosts its physical abilities to deal with the perceived threat. Since all of the body's energies are directed toward the stressor, other physical resources, such as the ability to fight infections or diseases, are reduced.

Identify some of the potential benefits for the tend-and-befriend response to stress, which is more typical of women than men.

Tending to children during times of danger can help pass on one's genes.

Forming alliances with others gains protection for oneself and one's offspring.

Identify the true and false statements about e-cigarettes.

A positive aspect of e-cigarettes is that they do not contain tobacco.

Recently, the rate of vaping has dramatically increased in adolescents and young adults.