Sarayu Gudipalli_Chapter 15 Knowt

What does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do in males?

FSH helps make sperm in the testes and supports their growth.

What does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do in females?

FSH helps eggs grow in the ovaries and prepares them for release.

What does luteinizing hormone (LH) do in males?

LH helps the testes make testosterone and supports male traits.

What does luteinizing hormone (LH) do in females?

LH causes ovulation and helps release an egg from the ovary.

What is puberty?

Puberty is when the body changes and becomes able to reproduce.

How is puberty timed between males and females?

Females start earlier than males and usually by a few years.

What is the urethral orifice?

It is the opening where urine and sometimes sperm leave the body.

What is circumcision?

It is the removal of the foreskin from the penis.

What is the scrotum?

It is a skin sac that holds and protects the testes.

What temperature are the testes at, and why?

They are about 2–3°C cooler than body temperature as this helps sperm grow.

What is vasocongestion?

It is when blood flow increases to reproductive organs and causes swelling.

What is spermatogenesis, and how long does sperm take to mature?

It is the making of sperm and takes about 64–74 days.

What are the actions of testosterone?

It causes male traits like deep voice and hair and helps make sperm.

What is the epididymis?

It is a tube where sperm mature and are stored.

What are the vas deferens?

They are tubes that carry sperm from the testes to the urethra.

What is a vasectomy?

It is when the vas deferens are cut and stops sperm from leaving the body.

What is the prostate gland?

It is a gland that makes fluid to protect and move sperm.

What is prostatitis?

It is swelling of the prostate and can cause pain and trouble urinating.

What is prostate cancer?

It is when cells grow out of control in the prostate.

What is the urethral canal?

It is the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body.

What are the Cowper’s glands?

They make fluid that lubricates and protects the urethra.

What is the labia majora homologous to in males?

It is like the male scrotum and is similar in structure.

What is the clitoris homologous to in males?

It is like the male penis and is similar in structure.

How big are the ovaries, and what is the function of the ovaries?

They are about the size of almonds and make eggs and hormones.

What is oogenesis?

It is the process of making eggs in the ovaries.

What is a pap smear?

It is a test that checks cells from the cervix for problems like cancer.

What is oxytocin?

It is a hormone that helps with birth and milk release.

What is a hysterectomy?

It is the removal of the uterus by surgery.

What is the pre-ovulatory phase?

It is when follicles grow and estrogen rises before ovulation.

When does ovulation begin?

It begins around day 14 and releases an egg from the ovary.

What is the post-ovulatory phase?

It is when the body prepares the uterus with hormones.

What is menopause?

It is when periods stop and the body can no longer reproduce.