General Systems Theory, Cybernetics, and Family Therapy

General Systems Theory

Focuses on relationships and interactions between parts of a system

Cybernetics

Study of communication control and feedback in systems

Systems Theory

Integration of general systems theory and cybernetics applied to families

Reductionism

Breaking complex phenomena into simpler parts

Holism

Understanding systems as whole units where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Paradigm

A conceptual framework used to understand reality

Paradigm Shift

A change in thinking from one framework to another such as linear to systemic thinking

System

A set of interacting elements where each part affects others

Family System

Interdependent individuals organized into a relational unit

Circular Causality

Reciprocal interactions where each person's behavior influences the other

Linear Causality

One directional cause and effect relationship A causes B

Feedback Loop

Process where system output returns as input influencing future behavior

Negative Feedback

Stabilizes the system and maintains homeostasis

Positive Feedback

Amplifies change and leads to system escalation

Diffuse Boundaries

Overly permeable boundaries leading to enmeshment

Rigid Boundaries

Overly restrictive boundaries leading to disengagement

Clear Boundaries

Balanced boundaries allowing healthy interaction

Permeability

Degree to which boundaries allow information flow

Overt Rules

Explicitly stated family rules

Covert Rules

Implicit or unspoken family rules

Open System

System that exchanges information energy or matter with its environment

Closed System

System with little or no interaction with its environment

Equifinality

Same outcome achieved through different paths

Equipotentiality

Same starting point leads to different outcomes

Double Message

Incongruence between verbal and nonverbal communication

Positive Connotation

Reframing a behavior in a positive way to shift perception

Adaptability

Ability of a system to change in response to stress or development

Equilibrium

Balanced steady state within a system