EMT-Basic

medial

toward the midline of the body

lateral

to the side, away from the midline of the body

bilateral

on both sides

mid-axillary line

a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle

anterior

the front of the body or body

posterior

the back of the body or body part

ventral

referring to the front of the body. a synonym for anterior

dorsal

referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. A synonym for posterior

superior

toward the head.

inferior

away from the head; usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head

proximal

closer to the torso

distal

farther away from the torso

torso

the trunk of the body; the body without the head and the extremities

palmer

referring to the palm of the hand

plantar

referring to the sole of the foot

mid-clavicular

the line through the center of the clavical

abdominal quadrants

four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury: the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the right lower quadrant and the left lower quadrant

supine

lying on the back

recovery position

lying on the side. also called the lateral recumbent position

Fowler's Position

a sitting position

Right Upper Quadrant

Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder

Left Upper Quadrant

Liver, Spleen, Left Kidney, Stomach, Colon Pancreas

Right Lower Quadrant

Right Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the right leg, Ureter, Apendix

Left Lower Quadrant

Left kidney, colon, small intestines, major artery and vein to the left leg, ureter

Trendelenburg Position

a position in which the patients feet and legs are higher than the head (Shock position)

musculoskeletal system

system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

skeleton

the bones of the body

muscle

tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part

ligament

tissue that connects bone to bone

tendon

tissue that connects muscle to bone

skull

the bony structure of the head

cranium

the top, back and sides of the skull

mandible

the lower jaw bone

maxillae

the two fused bones forming the upper jaw

nasal bones

the nose bones

orbits

the bony structures around the eyes, the eye sockets

zygomatic arches

form the structure of the cheeks

vertebrae

the 33 bones of the spinal column

thorax

the chest

sternum

breastbone

manubrium

the superior portion of the sternum

xiphoid process

inferior portion of the sternum

pelvis

the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities

ilium

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

pubis

the medial anterior portion of the pelvis

acetabulum

the pelvis socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

femur

the large bone of the thigh

patella

kneecap

tibia

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

fibula

the lateral and small bone of the lower leg

malleolous

protrusion on the side of the ankle.

tarsal

ankle bone

metatarsal

the foot bone

calcaneus

the heel bone

phalanges

the toe and finger bones

clavicle

the collarbone

scapula

Shoulder Blade

acromion process

the highest portion of the shoulder

acromioclavicular joint

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

humerus

the bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow

radius

the lateral bone of the forearm

carpals

wrist bones

metacarpals

hand bones

joints

the point where two bones come together

voluntary muscle

muscle that can be conscious controlled; attaches to bones; forms the major muscle mass of the body, responsible for movement

involuntary muscle

muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled

cardiac muscle

specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart; has its own blood supply; contracts on its own

automaticity

the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own

respiratory system

the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide

oropharynx

the area directly posterior to the mouth

nasopharynx

the area directly posterior to the nose

pharynx

the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx

epiglottis

a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea

larynx

the voice box

cricoid cartilage

the ring-structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

trachea

the 'windpipe'; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

lungs

the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place

bronchi

the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi

alveoli

the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place

diaphragm

the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration

inhalation

an active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs

exhalation

a passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs

cardiovascular system/circulatory system

the system made up of the heart and the blood vessels

atria

the two upper chambers of the heart, there is a right (receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and the left (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body)

ventricles

the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right (which sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs) and the left (sends oxygen rich blood to the body)

venae cavae

the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. Return blood from the body to the right atrium

valve

a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction

cardiac conduction system

a system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

artery

any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

coronary arteries

blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart

aorta

the largest artery in the body. transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation

pulmonary arteries

vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

carotid arteries

large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood blood from the heart to the head

femoral artery

the major artery supplying the leg

brachial artery

artery of the upper arm; site of the pulse checked during infant CPR

radial artery

artery of the lower arm. it is felt when taking the pulse at the wrist

posterior tibial artery

artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

dorsalis pedis artery

artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

arteriole

the smallest kind of artery