KIN160 - Module 5

Eurocentrism

Refers to the focus (or the centering of) Western European culture, history, and ethnicities to the exclusion of other ethnicities

The focus and centering of European ethnicity to the exclusion of other cultures and world views

Western history is superior to those of other groups

Describe the core tenets of the Critical Race Theory (CRT)

1. Racism is embedded in the very fabric of western society
2. Liberal notions are too slow/ineffective at addressing racial injustice
3. Importance of recognizing the value of intersectional analysis

Does CRT endorse a zero sum understanding of power, where it is assumed that some groups have all of the power while others are powerless?

NO

CRT recognizes that power is relational, meaning that some groups have more power and privilege in relation to other groups who may be marginalized and constrained

Who is Alwyn Morris and what is he known for?

A member of the indigenous Mo-hawk nation

Olympic sprint kayaking gold-medalist and one of the most influential Indigenous athletes of all time

On the podium he held up an eagle feather to show pride for his indigenous heritage and to address racism

What is whitewashing? Give examples

Whitewashing refers to when we DO NOT TELL THE FULL STORY, and only tell the "white/westernized" version

Eurocentrism and whitestream are examples

Unconscious Bias

Refers to the social stereotypes about certain groups of people that individuals form outside their own conscious awareness.

Can influence our everyday decisions and practices shaping;

-How we vote
-Where we shop/don't shop
-How we administer health care
-Who we hire or don't hire
-Who we form intimate relationships with

Race

Refers to socially constructed distinctions between groups of people based on physical or genetic characteristics such as skin colour, hair type, and facial features

Ethnicity

Refers to cultural characteristics shared by a social group, such as customs, language, beliefs, and history that "hold the group together and assist others to recognize them as separate"

The sport system has been structures so that some individuals, specifically [.....][.....][.....] of [......] descent are privileged to experience racial and ethnic pride moreso than others, and to have their preferred approach considered the best way to "do" sports

White Anglophone Canadians of European descent

When was the Canadian Multiculturalism Act introduced and what does it state?

1988

ensures that each Canadian citizen is able to preserve their cultural identity, retain their ancestry and cultural heritage and still feel a sense of belonging within Canada

What are the 3 measures of power in sport stated by Gruneau?

1. Ability to structure sport
2. Ability to establish sport traditions
3. Ability to define legitimate meanings and practices associated with dominant sport practices

What is the Rooney Rule?

Due to underrepresentation, it requires NFL teams in the USA to interview AT LEAST ONE minority candidates for head coaching and senior management positions

Participation in sport and leisure activities is one way social groups define who they are or aspire to be, the values and practices that matter to them, and what distinguishes them from other groups of people? True or false? Give an example.

TRUE

Ice hockey is closely associated with Canadian Identity; Humboldt Broncos situation and how much attention that garnered

What is the Montreal Pedestrian Club? Who was excluded from participation?

Exclusionary term that outlines who can NOT participate

-Women, laborer who worked with hands, professional athlete competing for prize money, and Indians WERE NOT ABLE TO PARTICIPATE IN SPORT

Definition is exclusionary based on GENDER (Ex. Women)

" " based on CLASS (Ex. Laborer)

" "based on RACE (Ex. Indians could not participate)

Nakamura and Donnelly explored ethic sport organizations in the GTA: What were the 3 types of segregated sport organizations identified?

1. Played by the first generation of immigrants and then died out; traditional activities such as bandy, hurling, pessapallo, and eisstock

2. Second group was declined after the first generation of players but then revived by later immigrants to the GTA

3. Started out with segregated within ONE ethnic community but overtime, became increasingly inclusive of people from different ethnic backgrounds (Ex. North American Chinese Invitational Volleyball Tournament)

Reverse Racism

Describes situations where normally privileged individuals, usually white people are excluded from opportunities on the basis of race

(NAIG games and white people not being allowed to participate)

Marginality Theory

Suggests that differences in participation in dominant cultural activities are due to the poverty experienced by many racial and ethnic people

Ethnicity Theory

Differences in behaviour can be explained by the existence of a distinct set of subcultural norms and values

What are the five main aspects of the CRT argued by Hylton?

1. It centralizes race and racism
2. It challenges convention and color-blindness
3. It focuses on social justice
4. It centralizes marginal voices
5. It is transdisciplinary

Racism

When individuals are treated in a discriminatory or prejudicial way because of their biologically different "race"

Give an example of how systemic racism found in the whitestream sport system continue to limit social change in the democratization of Canadian sport

DENYING FUNDING FOR NORTHEN GAMES SOCIETY (Inuit Traditional Games)

Northen games society which organized yearly Inuit traditional game festivals in the Northwest Territories were informed by letter in 1977 that its FEDERAL SPORT FUNDIGN WOULD BE STOPPED

Who was the first black quarterback inducted in the Pro Football hall of fame and when?

Warren Moon, 2006

He was the highest paid player in football, joining the Houston Oilers in 1984

Who was the first player in the NHL inducted into the hall of fame in the "builder" category

Willie O Ree

Assimilation

Refers to the loss of a minority's group cultural identity as people in that group become absorbed into the dominant culture

Linguistic Duality

The presence of two linguistic majorities cohabiting in the same country, with linguistic minority communities spread across the country

Whitestream Sport

Canadian sport has been primarily shaped by individuals of white European heritage in ways that privilege their traditions, practices, meanings, and sport structure

White Supremacy

Used to describe a sociopolitical economic system of domination based on racial categories that benefits those defined and perceived as white

Systemic Racism

Form of racism structured into political and social institutions. It occurs when organizations, institutions or governments discriminate either deliberately or indirectly, against certain groups of people

-Often operates through providing differential access to resources based on race

In what year was the Rooney rule introduced?

2003

During the Humboldt Broncos accident in April 2018, how many people died and how many were injured? Of the death, how many were Broncos players?

16 deaths, 13 injures

TEN OF THE DEATHS WERE PLAYERS

What are the teachings presented during the Indigenous Knowledge to Close Gaps Video?

Wisdom
Humility
Respect
Love
Bravery
Truth
Honesty

What is CRT?

A term used to describe activists and scholars interested in studying and transforming the relationship between race, racism, and power in society

Emerged in the mid 1970s as the momentum of Civil Rights Movement stalled

Originally focused on black racial injustice in the US legal system