History 187S UCSB

What does samurai mean?

servant

Four common functions of samurai in Heian period

guards, police, tax collectors, hunters

In the Heian period, how did aristocrats treat elite samurai?

Commoners, "people below the floor"

Why did Taira no Kiyomori want to move the imperial capital and why did he rebuild Itsukushima shrine

to Kobe, Kobe was a major port in japan, built the shrine to appease god of commerce, sailors, and fishermen

What rights did minamoto acquire from the emperor to help him better reward his warriors with?

right to appoint provincial military governors and estate policemen

Why was Eastern Japan a region where fierce warriors were raised?

constant war zone in which barbarians clashed with imperial govt.

What/when was battle of Dannoura

1185, major sea battle in Genpei wars, Taira eliminated, Tale of Heike written after it

Imperial/aristocratic conflicts behind Genpei wars?

Minamoto and Taira clans

How does Yoritomo gain Tosabo's cooperation and what does this say about samurai values?

Yoritomo accuses Tosaba for conspiring against him, he is a tool for yoritomo to use

Why was the Tale of Heike commissioned by the Hōjō clan?

Ward off vengeful spirits

What did the Jōkyu war happen and why is it important to trend of history?

retired emperor GoToba tries to overthrow Kamakura, Kamakura win. banishes former and current emperor, allows kamakura to collect taxes and appoint imperial heir

What is a shōen estate and what is a jitō?

A shōen estate is a private estate that controls the new land gained by the imperial govt in the east. The Jitō is a local provisional leader in this new territory, answers to Kamakura

Which family had the most power throughout most of Kamkura period, what was their official role?

Hōjō, held hereditary shikken post, basically a regent but they controlled many aspects of govt.

3 standard ways to gain reward for samurai?

battle wounds, bringing back heads, charging into battle

Why were samurai more successful in 2nd mongol invasion?

built up fortifications: sea wall, kamikaze "divine wind" destroys mongol fleet

Why is govt of japan during Kamakura period best described as dual govt?

shogun appointed vassals as provincial protectors and stewards responsible for controlling shōen, the provincial officials were still appointed by imperial court and administrators of private estates by owners

Why were Mongol invasions bad for Kamakura govt?

Defensive war, no new land or profit yielded, unable to reward samurai who fought in war

Takezaki Suenaga was an ambitious samurai. Why did his disobedience not hurt his reputation?

samurai expected to be bold and courageous, his disobedient acts showed an eagerness to fight/get a reward

What are accurate figures for 2nd Mongol invasion?

around 10,000 mongols, 3-6,ooo samurai

3 eras of Muromachi period?

1. north/southern courts

2. Ashikaga Supremacy

3. Warring States Period

What is the Kenmu Restoration

1333-1336, attempt by Emp. Godaigo to restore civilian govt. and overthrow Kamkura shogunate

What was Ashikaga Yoshimisu's title in foreign relations?

King of Japan

3 arts that samurai patronized from Ashikaga period

theatre, black ink painting, rock gardening

Taira no Kiyomori

middle of Heian period, Head of Taira clan, killed Minamoto no Yoshitomo in Hōgen Disturbance 1156, became Chief minister of govt., manipulated emperor and made his son emperor, moved capitol to port city

Minamoto no Yoritomo

end of Heian period, first Kamakura Shogunate, led minamoto clan in Genpei war, married Hōjō Masako

Minamoto no Yoshitsune

end of Heian period, brother of Yoritomo, helped in Genpei wars, after war, sided with emperor Go-Shirakawa against Yoritomo, lost and killed

Hōjō Masako

Early kamakura period, wife of Minamoto no Yoritomo, played an active role in politics after death

Emp Godaigo

Late kamakura period, emperor who instigated Kenmu restoration, wanted civil govt. instead of shogunate, won but was later overthrown due to ineffective policies

Ashikaga Takauji

Early Ashikaga period, first Ashikaga shogun, was Kamakura general who fought against Godaigo, then switched sides during Genko wars fighting against Kamakura, then rebelled against emperor again.

Kusunoki Masashige

late kamakura period, fought for Godaigo during Kenmu Restoration and Ashikaga rebellion, was a loyal samurai general, very well known

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu

3rd Ashikaga shogun, joined southern and northern courts, effectively securing Ashikaga shogunate and preventing regional daimyos from running around attacking shit