acetylene coa, krebs oxidative phosphorylation

what is made in glycolysis

2 ATP and 2 NADH, main product is pyruvate

what is made in acetyl coA?

2 NADH and 2 CO2, main product is 2 acetyl coA

what is made in krebs

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH, 4 CO2

what is made in oxidative phosphorylation?

32-34 atp, 6H2O from the O2 being final electron acceptor

in total with glycolysis, acetyl con, Krebs, and oxidative phosphorilation it made…..

36-38 atp, 10 NADH, 2 FADH, 6 CO2

what are all the substrate in krebs?

citric acid, isocitrate, alpha ketogluterate, succinyle coa, succinate, fumarate, malate, oxalocetate,

Krebs cycle

starts with acetyl coa which is a 2 carbon, then oxalocentate which is a 4 carbon and acetyl coa combine to make citrate which becomes a 6 carbon structure. it moves into isocitrate which is also 6 carbons. however NAD+ comes in and takes an electron and releases CO2 which makes alpha ketogluterate, a 5 carbon structure. the same thing happens again to alpha ketogluterate NAD+ comes in and steals an electron and CO2 is released making succinyle, a 4 carbon structure. then ADP comes in and makes ATP and this moves the reaction on to succinate which is also a 4 carbon structure. next FAD comes in and makes FADH leaving us with fumerate still a 4 carbon structure. we then progress to malate also a 4 carbon structure. and finally NAD+ comes in and steals an electron and we then have oxalocentate the 4 carbon structure from the beginning.

electron transport chain

step 1: NADH goes to protein 1 and drops off e- and goes back to FAD (oxidized). step 2: FADH2 goes to protein 2 and drops off e- and goes back to FAD (oxidized). step 3: An electron carrier (Q) picks up electrons from protein 1 and 2 the n brings the to protein 3. step 4: cytochrome (CYT) picks up e- from 3 and delivers e- to protein 4. step 5: electrons are passed onto oxygen and reduced to H2O (O2 is reduced) oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.

protein 1

brings in NADH and pushes out NAD+ and pushes H+ into IMS

protein 2

brings in FADH2 and pushes out FAD and pushes H+ into IMS

Protein 3

pushes H+ into IMS

protein 4

pushes H+ into IMS

atp synthase

spinny structure by the proteins and it brings the H+ back into the matrix

If NADH cant deliver its electrons

glycolisis stops at step 6, no acetyl coa production, no Krebs cycle

fromula for photosynthesis

sun + 6H₂O + 6CO₂ → 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆

2 major phases in photosynthesis

light dependent phase- input: light + H₂O output: ATP + NADPHO₂

calvin cycle: input: ATP +NADPH , CO₂ output: sugars!