FREN 1057 QUIZ 3 VOCAB

Great Confinement (Foucault)

17th-18th century movement establishing institutions to isolate and control those considered" “mad” or socially deviant

Nosography

Medical system focused on ordering and cataloguing diseases

Clinical Gaze (Foucault)

19th century medical perspective emphasizing direct observation of the body (anatomy) with the naked eye to diagnose illness

Hygienism

Movement promoting public health through regulation of urban spaces, sanitation, and individual behavior to prevent disease

Eugenics

Harmful ideology aiming to “improve” populations by encouraging reproduction of “desirable” traits and excluding others

Pasteurization

Process using heat to kill harmful microorganisms in food and liquids

Fantastique

A realistic setting disrupted by strange events that create uncertainty between supernatural and rational explanations

Marvelous

A world where supernatural elements are fully accepted as normal, requiring no rational explanation

Science Fiction

genre in which strange or speculative events are explained through science or technology within a logically coherent world

The Absurd (Camus)

The tension between humanity’s search for meaning and an indifferent, meaningless universe

Philosophical Novel

A narrative form that explores philosophical questions (existence, morality, knowledge) through characters and plot

Ecocriticism

Interdisciplinary approach analyzing how literature represents nature, environmental issues, and human-environment relationships

Polyphonic Narrative

A multive-vociced narrative structure with multiple perspectives and no single authoritative viewpoint

Monologic Authorship (Bakhtin)

Narrative dominated by a single authoritative perspective (the author), where all other voices are controlled or judged

Polyphonic Authorship (Bakhtin)

Narrative form where multiple independent voices coexist equally; meaning emerges through dialogue without a fixed conclusion

Composition

The overall arrangement and organization of visual elements in a painting (figures, objects, spaces, color)

Triptych

An artwork divided into 3 panels or sections, often used to structure a visual narrative

Focal point

The area of the painting that first draws the viewer’s attention

Grouping

The way figures or objects are arranged in clusters within the composition

Balance

The visual distribution of elements in an artwork, which may be symmetrical or asymmetrical

Leading lines

Lines (either actual or implied) that guide the viewer’s eye through the composition and often direct attention toward the focal point

Implied Lines

Lines that are not drawn but suggested by the arrangement of elements, such as the direction of a gesture, a figure’s faze, or the alignment of objects

Actual (or visible) lines

Lines that are physically present in the artwork, such as the contours of an object

Foreground

The part of the image closest to the viewer

Middle ground

The space between the foreground and the background

Background

The area farthest from the viewer often providing context or setting

Depth

The illusion of three-dimensional space within a two-dimensional surface

Chiaroscuro

The use of strong contrasts between light and dark to model forms and create a sense of volume and depth

Contrast

Differences in light, color, or texture that help emphasize certain parts of an image

Brushstrokes

The visible marks made by the artist’s brush; brushwork may appear smooth and controlled or loose and expressive

Texture

The visual or physical quality of a painted surface (for example: smooth, rough, thick, or layered)

Realism

The 19th-century artistic movement that aimed to depict everyday life and ordinary people with careful observation rather than idealized or mythological studies