Neuroglial Cells in the CNS and PNS

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to neuroglial cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Microglia

Protective cells in the CNS that transform into macrophages to phagocytose debris.

Ependymal Cells

Cells that line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord, equipped with cilia to circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Oligodendrocytes

Cells that wrap around large nerve fibers in the CNS, forming an insulating cover called the myelin sheath for multiple axons.

Myelin Sheath

An insulating layer around axons formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS that enhances electrical insulation.

Satellite Cells

Neuroglial cells in the PNS that wrap around neuronal cell bodies and have functions similar to astrocytes.

Phagocytose

The process by which certain cells, like microglia, engulf and digest debris or microbes.

Ciliated

Describes cells, such as ependymal cells, that have tiny hair-like structures to help move substances like CSF.

CNS

Central Nervous System, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

PNS

Peripheral Nervous System, which includes all neural elements outside the CNS.

Neuroglia

Supportive cells in the nervous system that provide support, insulation, and nourishment to neurons.