General EMT Physiology

right/left from?

patient's perspective

inferior

near feet

medial

closer to midline

bilateral

both sides

proximal

closer to trunk

distal

farther from trunk/lower extremity

deep

farther inside body/tissue away from skin

ventral

belly side/anterior

dorsal

spinal side/posterior

palmar

front region of hand

plantar

bottom of foot

apex/apices

tip of structure

prone

back facing sky

supine

back facing floor

fowler

sitting upright with legs bent up (45 degree angle) or flat down (90 degree angle)

recovery

lying to side one arm across chest

shock

NOT APPLICABLE TO PREHOSPITAL laying down with legs elevated up

flexion

bending of a joint

extension

straightening of a joint

abduction

motion away from midline

adduction

motion towards midline

superior

near head or near reference point

lateral

farther from midline

superficial

closer to or on skin

anterior

front surface

posterior

back surface

What are the 3 main sections of the spine?

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar

How many vertebrae in the cervical spine?

7 vertebrae

How many vertebrae in the thoracic spine?

12 vertebrae

How many vertebrae in the lumbar spine?

5 vertebrae

Cervical spine

Thoracic spine

Lumbar spine

What is in the Central nervous system (CNS)?

The brain and the spinal cord.

Central nervous system (CNS)

What is in the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Voluntary part of the (PNS) motor and sensory neurons that controls skeletal muscles and transmits sensory information.

Automatic nervous system

(ANS) controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate, and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Sympathetic nervous system

Fight or flight Increases heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion, stimulates sweating.

Parasympathetic nervous system

Rest and digest Slows heart rate, lowers blood pressure, constricts pupils, stimulates digestion, promotes urination.

What major organs are in the right upper quadrant?

Liver, gallbladder, and a portion of the colon

What organs are in the left upper quadrant?

Stomach, spleen, and a portion of the colon

What organs are in the right lower quadrant?

2 Portion of the large intestine (cecum, ileum) ascending colon, appendix

What organs are in the left lower quadrant?

Descending and sigmoid portion of the colon

The tissues that connect bone to bone

Ligaments

The tissues that connect bone to muscle

Tendons

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Cerebellum

Frontal lobe

Occipital lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

sagittal plane

transverse plane

frontal plane

What is the oxygen rate for a non-rebreather mask?

10-15

What is the oxygen rate for a nasal cannula?

4-6

How many lobes does the right lung have?

3

How many lobes does the left lung have?

2

How many ribs are there?

24 (12 on each side)