Unit 5: Muscles of the abdominal wall

What is the common functions of muscles of the abdominal wall?

Hold internal viscera in place; physiological functions: intraabdominal pressure which aids in urination/defecation/child birth,

What are the muscles of the abdominal wall?

rectus abdominus, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominus muscles

Identify, which part of hands in pocket? What layer?

External Abdominal oblique muscle; digits 2-5; outermost layer

Identify, which part of hands in pocket? What layer?

Internal abdominal oblique muscle; thumbs; 2nd layer

Identify

Rectus abdominis muscle

Identify, direction of fibers?

Transversus abdominus muscle; horizontal fibers

Identify

Linea Alba

Identify pink arrows

Tendinous intersections

How is inguinal ligament formed?

Inferior border of external oblique aponeurosis folding back on itself

What is the inguinal canal? purpose?

Open and hollow space; carry structures inside abdominal region to external

The inguinal canal begins and ends where?

begins at deep inguinal ring and ends at superficial inguinal ring

What does the inguinal canal contain in males? females?

Spermatic cord (important for testes + sperms); round ligament of uterus (anchors uterus in place)

What is a hernia?

A weakening in tissue wall where viscera can push out

Types of inguinal hernias? Describe?

Indirect: viscera can push into inguinal canal, direct: does not enter inguinal canal

Identify

Quadratus lumborum muscle

Origin of quadratus lumborum muscle?

Iliac crest

Insertion of quadratus lumborum muscle?

inferior border of rib 12

Actions of quadratus lumborum muscle?

lateral flexion of lumbar vertebral column

Innervation of quadratus lumborum muscle?

lumbar plexus

How many muscles is the pelvic diaphragm made of?

Two paired muscles

Purpose of pelvic diaphragm?

Supports and raises pelvic floor, assists support of abdominopelvic viscera

Three muscles of pelvic diaphragm?

pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and coccygeus