SYSDESI Quiz 1

System Design

Based on user requirements and is rooted in detailed analysis of the existing system

System

Interrelated set of business procedures.

Components

Basic parts that make up a system

Interrelatedness

Components working together

Boundary

Limits distinguished the system

Purpose

Specific objective or goal system is designed to achieve

Environment

External influences

Interfaces

Points of interactions between systems

Constraints

Limitations that define the capacity of the system

Input

Raw, material, data or resources entering the system for processing

Output

The finished product, processes information, or result of the system

Decomposition

The process of breaking down a system into smaller, manageable, and understandable parts.

Subsystem clarity

Break a system into small, manageable, and understandable subsystems.

Focused Analysis

Focus on one area at a time, without interference from one another.

User concentration

Concentrate on components relevant to one group of users without confusing them with unnecessary details.

Independent Building

Build different components at independent times with the help of different analysts

Uniform division

Process of dividing a system into modules of a relatively uniform size

Design clarity

Modules simplify system design and complexity

Fault Isolation

When one module is broken the others will still function

Scalability

Addition of new modules is possible without disrupting the entire system

Coupling

Subsystems that are dependent upon each other are coupled

Cohesion

Extent to which subsystems perform a single function

Developing, maintaining, replacing

System development life cycle

Project management

A controlled process of initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project

Project

A planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end.

Deliverable

The end product of an SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle) phase

Project Management

Systems analyst with management and leadership skills responsible for leading project initiation, planning, execution, and closedown

Top-down source

Projects identified by top management or by a diverse steering committee

Bottom-up source

Project initiatives stemming from managers, business units, or the development group

technical, operational, economic

Three elements of feasibility

Technical

Can current resources be upgraded

Economic

Focus on Time and Cost

Operational

Human and system usage factors

Resource Assessment

Can current technical resources be upgraded or added to in a manner that fulfills the request?

Market Availability

If not, is there technology in existence that meets the required specifications?

Time and cost focus

Economic feasibility is primarily concerned with evaluating the Time and Cost of the project

Human resource availability

Determines if the human resources are available to operate the system once it has been installed

Resistance to change

Users that do not want a new system (high resistance to change) may prevent operational feasibility.

analysis, design, implementation

Project planning phases

GANTT Charts

Visual bar charts used to illustrate project schedules, showing start and finish dates of elements

Program Evaluation Review Technique

represent project tasks as a network of dependent activities.

GANTT Chart

type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule

Precedence

Shows activities that must be completed before the next ones can start

Critical path

The longest path through activities that should not be delayed.

Slack time

Represents the leeway or flexibility in scheduling activities

Project Charter

Describes in a written document what the expected results of the systems project are and the time frame for delivery

Information systems

A combination of user, technology, and processes working together to complete a given goal.

Role of information systems

Computer-based tools used to collect, store, and process data within an organization

Transaction processing systems

Developed to process large amounts of data for routine business transactions

Transaction processing systems

Boundary-spanning systems that permit the organization to interact with the external environment

Transaction processing system

Handle and produce data and information in the

form of transactions, events, detailed reports, lists,

and summaries

Office automation system

Systems that make use of tools like word

processing, electronic mail, calendaring

features, and reminder files

Office automation system

Handle document management, scheduling,

and communications

Knowledge work system

Supports professional workers such as

scientists, engineers and doctors by aiding

them to create new knowledge

Knowledge work system

Supports the creation, organization, and dissemination of business knowledge to employees and managers throughout the organization

Management information system

Deals with the planning for, development, management, and use of information technology tools to help people in the organization perform all tasks related to information processing and management

Management information system

Provides information in the form of reports and

displays to managers and many business

professionals

Management information system

Focus entirely on internal events, providing the

information for short-term planning and decision

making

Decision support systems

Focus on helping managers make decisions

that are semi-structured, unique, or rapidly

changing, and not easily specified in

advance

Decision support systems

An interactive software-based system

intended to help decision makers compile

useful information from a combination of raw

data, documents, and personal knowledge,

or business models to identify and solve

problems and make decisions

Expert systems

Designed to mimic the performance of

human experts

Expert systems

Effectively capture and use the knowledge of

an expert for solving

a particular problem

experienced in an

organization

Group decision support systems

Consists of interactive software that allows

for making decisions by a group of

participants.

hardware, software tools, people

Group decision support systems components

Executive support systems

Help executives organize their interaction

with the external environment and looking for

ways to help them make decisions on the

strategic level

Executive support systems

Address unstructured decisions and create a

generalized computing and communications

environment, rather than providing any fixed

application or specific capability

Digital market

where Information systems

links buyers and sellers to exchange

information, products, services, payments

E-business

Executing all the firm’s business processes

with Internet Technology

Intranet

Business builds private, secure

network based on internet technology

Extranet

Extension of intranet to authorized

external users

E-commerce

Limited to only Buying & Selling of products

and services with the use of internet