Anatomy and Medical Terminology

anterior

(ventral) toward the front of the body

posterior

(dorsal) toward the back of the body

medial

toward the midline of the body

lateral

toward the side of the body

proximal

nearer to a reference point

distal

farthest from a reference point

superior

(cranial) above, toward the head

Inferior

(caudal) below toward the end

supine

lying face up

prone

lying face down

sagittal

cuts through the body from front to back and divdies it into right and left sections

frontal coronal plane

cuts in side to side and divdies the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)

transverse plane

cuts and seperates body from upper and lower

The 5 body cavities

cranial and spinal (dorsal cavities)

thoraic, abdominal, pelvic (ventral cavitiies)

5 types of Membranes

mucous, serous, synovial, meninges, cutaneous

Epidermis layers

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum (palms and soles), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

The Dermis Layers

stratum papillare (thing) , stratum reticulare (thick)

Bones classified shape

Long, tubular (long), short, sesamoid (short like sesame seed), cuboidal (short), flat, irregular

Axial vs appendicular skeleton

Axial: skull, hyoid, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, sacrum

Appendicular: shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, extremities

3 types of Muscles

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth muscle

3 types of blood vessels

arteries, veins, capillaries

The respiratory system includes

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and their smaller branches, lungs and aveoli

The nervous system is composed of

CNS (central nervous system): brain and spinal cord

PNS (peripheral system): cranial and spinal nerves

3 divisions of the ear

Outer ear (external)

Middle ear (tympanic cavity)

Inner ear (labryinth)

The hematologic system

red blood cells (erthrocytes)

white blood cells (leukocytes)

platelets (thrombocytes)

Endocrine system glands

Adrenal, Cartoid, Pancreas, Parathyroid gland,Pituitary gland, thymus gland, thyroid gland.

The eyeballs 3 layers

Retina (innermost)

Choroid (middle)

Sclera (outermost)

Female genital system includes

vagina, uterus, two fallopian tubes, two ovaries