Lecture 12: Medevac Interior Case Study

Francois Bechette guest lecture

TCCA CAR 521 Certification Process

Application (521.155) →

Demonstrations of Compliance (521.160) →

Conformity with Certification Basis (521.205) →

Issuance of Approval Certificate (521.206)

Modification Application - TCCA 0469 Form

Application:

• Acknowledges responsibilities as a Design Approval Holder (DAH)

  • Having (or having access to) Technical capability to maintain product airworthiness

  • Service Difficulty System Reporting, Investigation & Corrective Actions

  • Management of STC transfers

• DAH agrees to pay Transport Canada fees

• Application date can be used to establish certification basis

Changed Product Rule Decision Record:

• Systematic approach to determine whether modifications are “substantial”, “significant”, or “not significant”

• Outcome determines whether the latest airworthiness design standards (AWM 525, 14 CFR 25) will form the Basis of Certification for the design change

Changed Product Rule

Examples of Substantial Changes for Part 25 aircraft:

• Change in number or location of engines

• Change from high wing to low wing

• Change in construction (e.g. all-metal to composite)

Examples of Significant changes for Part 25 aircraft:

• Certification for flight into icing conditions (e.g. including ice detection/protection systems)

• Passenger to cargo conversion (or vice versa) (changes to floor loads, cabin safety requirements, etc.)

• Change in maximum certificated # of passengers

• Extensive airframe modification (e.g. large cargo door, telescope opening in fuselage, etc.)

Compliance Program - Application

• Identify Aircraft model

• Describe Modifications

• Define Modification Certification Basis

• Identify affected airworthiness standards

• Identify Methods of Compliance (MOCs)

• Identify Authorized Persons (APs)

• Define project schedule

Demonstrations of Compliance

• Design Compliance Reports

  • MOC - Design Eval, Specification Eval, Analysis

  • Substantiates the design against the applicable design requirements specified in AWM 525/FAR 25

• Test Plans and Reports

  • MOC - Test (ground, flight, bench)

  • Test plans document procedures for testing that will be accomplished to establish compliance

  • Test reports document the results

• Installation Evaluations

  • MOC - Instl Eval

  • Documents compliance with subjective standards that require physical, on-aircraft evaluation

• Manual Supplements

  • MOC - Documentation

  • Documents procedures to be followed when operating the aircraft or performing maintenance

    • Airplane Flight Manual Supplement

    • Instructions for Continued Airworthiness

    • Mandatory Maintenance Manual

Demonstrating Compliance - Conformity with the certification basis

• B/E Aerospace Ltd. employs Transport Canada Authorized Persons (APs) who can make compliance findings (i.e. that the design complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements)

• B/E Aerospace Ltd. APs:

  • Review engineering drawings

  • Witness tests

  • Review compliance reports which demonstrate compliance

• Once APs are satisfied that the design complies with the airworthiness standards, they can make their compliance findings and the Certificate (aka - “approval”) can be issued

TCCA Certificates - Issuance of Design Approval

• Type Certificate (TC)

  • Issued for the basic airplane “type design”

  • Issues by TCCA National Aircraft Certification (Ottawa)

• Supplemental Type Certificate (STC)

  • Issued to approve a change to the “type design”

  • Applicable to all serial numbers

  • Issued by TCCA Regional Offices (e.g. Quebec, Ontario, Prairie & Northern Regions)

• Serialized STC

  • Issued to approve a change to the “type design”

  • Applicable only to specified serial numbers

  • Can be issued by TCCA Design Approval Organizations

MOC 525.812: Emergency Lighting

General illumination in the passenger cabin must be provided so that when measured along the centreline of the main passenger aisle(s) and cross aisle(s) between main aisles, at seat armrest height and at 40-inch intervals, the average illumination is not less than 0.05 foot-candle and the illumination at each 40 inch intervals is not less than 0.01 foot-candle…

MOC: Ground test

Emergency lighting illumination levels

Minimum illumination levels for occupant egress from aircraft

• Cabin rendered completely dark

• Interior measurements at 40” internals down the cabin aisle at armrest height

• Exterior measurements at over-wing exit and areas at the base of the wing and main entry door

MOC525.585: Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems

If certification with cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection provisions is requested, the following must be met for each cargo or baggage compartment with those provisions:

a) The detection system must provide a visual indication to the flight crew within one minute after the start of a fire.

d) The effectiveness of the detection system must be shown for all approved operating configurations and conditions.

MOC: Flight Test

Smoke detections

Must be conducted in flight because of various ventilating airflow conditions

• Must test all dispatchable conditions

• Must have detection in <1min from any location of fire in cabin

• Cannot set off detectors in other compartments unaffected by fire

MOC 525.851: Fire Extinguishers

At least one hand fire extinguisher must be conveniently located in the pilot compartment.

MOC: Design Evaluation & Instl Eval

• Review engineering drawings to identify fire extinguishers installation(s)

• Evaluate “convenient location” and accessibility on aircraft

MOC 525.561 (c)(2) General

Each such item of mass shall be restrained under all loads up to those specified in …

MOC: Analysis

Stress analysis

Model cabin elements in Finite Element Modelling software

• Evaluate stresses for individual panels

• Evaluate loads on attachment points

• Ensure margin of safety is > 0

MOC 525.1411 General

(a) Accessibility: Required safety equipment to be used by the crew in an emergency must be readily accessible.

MOC: Inspection/Interior Evaluation

Accomplished on aircraft (or on representative mockup)

• Evaluate emergency equipment ease access

• Consider items the equipment could get snagged on (eg hinges, parts of the latch assembly)

• Consider other items potentially stowed in the same compt.

Documenting Compliance: 525.581 Fire Extinguishers

(2) At least one hand fire extinguisher must be conveniently located in the pilot compartment.

Demonstration of Compliance: A fire extinguisher is installed in the cockpit.