Data Structures and C Programming

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on data structures, recursion, and C programming.

Data Structures

Organized collections of data that define the relationships between data elements.

Recursion

A programming technique where a function calls itself to solve smaller instances of a problem.

Abstract Data Type (ADT)

A mathematical model that defines a collection of values and a set of operations on those values.

Efficiency of Recursion

Comparison of recursive and nonrecursive methods in terms of execution time and space, with recursive methods generally being less efficient due to stack overhead.

Array

A finite ordered collection of homogeneous elements, stored under a single name.

Control Statements

Statements that control the flow of execution in a program, including decision-making and looping statements.

Stack

An ordered collection of items where items are added and removed from the top, following the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle.

Operators

Symbols in C that perform operations on variables and values, including arithmetic and logical operations.

Function

A block of code that performs a specific task and can be reused throughout the program.

Factorial Function

A mathematical function defined recursively as n! = n × (n − 1)! with base case 0! = 1.

Fibonacci Sequence

A series where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, defined as fib(n) = fib(n-1) + fib(n-2).

Binary Search

An efficient search technique that repeatedly divides the sorted array into halves to find a target element.

Push Operation

The action of adding an element to the top of a stack.

Pop Operation

The action of removing the element at the top of the stack.

Infix Notation

A notation where the operator is placed between the operands, such as A + B.

Postfix Notation

A notation where the operator follows the operands, allowing for unambiguous evaluation.

Prefix Notation

A notation where the operator precedes the operands, also allowing for unambiguous evaluation.