Energy Balance Theories

set point theory

every person has a set point of energy balance

settling point theory

weight settles based on environment

fat distribution

where fat is distributed is a better predictor of disease risk than total fat mass

android obesity (apple)

fat in abdomen (visceral fat) high risk

gynoid obesity (pear)

fat in hips and thighs low risk

wasit circumference

high value= high risk

waist hip ratio

high ratio=high risk, better predictor than waist circumference

overweight health risks

cancer, liver disease, heart disease, hypertension, mood disorder, reproductive disorder, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia

losing weight goals

reduce mass while improving or maintaining body composition

safe weight loss

0.5-2lbs per week

1lb

3,500 cal/week

weight loss maintained

diet, physical activity, behavior modification

diet

results in greatest amount of weight loss, but fat and lean mass too

hunger

is why diets fail

in a diet

prioritize low energy density and high nutrient density foods

cardiorespiratory

heart and lungs 150 min/week of moderate intensity

musculoskeletal

2x a week muscle and bone

underweight health risk

mood disorder, fatigue, deficiencies, reproductive dysfunction, depressed immune function, hormonal imbalance, bone loss, impaired wound healing

goal

gain mass while improving or maintaining body composition, increase energy intake by 300-1,000 kcal

binge eating

most common in US, episodes of binge eating without purging

anorexia nervosa

severe calorie restriction

bulimia nervosa

binge eating with purgin

other specified feeding or eating disorder

atypical symptoms of one or more eating disorders

avoidant/restrictive food intake

extreme picky eating that leads to nutritional deficiencies

orthorexia

unhealthy obsession with healthy eating

treatment for eating disorder

therapy, medical care, nutritional counseling, or medication

athlete triad

low energy availability, reproductive dysfunction, low bone density