Cardiovascular Disease Lecture Notes with Prof. Sura Ali Ahmed

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to cardiovascular disease as outlined in Prof. Sura Ali Ahmed's lecture notes.

Infective Endocarditis (IE)

A microbial infection of the endothelial surface of the heart or heart valves.

Causative factors for IE

Bacteria or fungi that can lead to infective endocarditis.

Infective endarteritis

An infection in the endothelial lining of an artery, usually adjacent to a vascular defect.

Predisposing factors for IE

Conditions that increase the risk of developing infective endocarditis, such as rheumatic heart disease and IV drug use.

Classification of IE

Types of infective endocarditis including acute, sub-acute, and based on causative microorganism.

Signs of Hypertension (HBP)

Early signs include elevated blood pressure, headache, dizziness, and tinnitus.

Acute vs Sub-acute IE

Acute IE develops rapidly, while sub-acute IE develops more slowly over days to weeks.

Oral manifestations of IE

Conditions like oral petechiae, Osler’s nodes, and Janeway lesions associated with infective endocarditis.

Antibiotic prophylaxis

Antibiotics prescribed to patients at high risk for adverse outcomes during dental procedures to prevent IE.

Major clinical predictors of cardiovascular risk

Unstable coronary syndromes, decompensated heart failure, and severe valvular disease.

White coat hypertension

Persistently elevated blood pressure readings only in a clinical setting.

Pulse pressure

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Antihypertensive drug adverse effects

Effects such as dry mouth, taste changes, gingival hyperplasia, associated with hypertension medications.

Hypertensive emergency

Condition requiring immediate medical attention due to severely elevated blood pressure.

Dental procedures contraindications in IE

Excludes routine anesthetic injections, dental radiographs, and adjustments of prosthodontic appliances.