Electronics and Mechanical Systems in PCB Manufacturing and Vehicle Technologies

What is the primary function of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)?

To connect electrical components using conductive tracks and pads.

What material is commonly used to manufacture PCBs?

Photoresist board, a glass reinforced polymer with a thin layer of copper.

What is the etching process in PCB manufacturing?

A method used to create the circuit in the copper layer by removing excess copper.

What is the first step in the etching process of a PCB?

Drawing the circuit using computer software and printing a mask on clear acetate.

What role does UV light play in PCB manufacturing?

It causes a chemical change in the photo resist layer when the acetate mask is exposed.

How are PCBs cut to size?

Using a precision guillotine or a laser cutter for complex shapes.

What is the purpose of drilling in PCB manufacturing?

To create small holes for pins and wires of components to be soldered in place.

What diameter drill bit is typically used for PCB holes?

Between 1mm and 1.5mm.

What is the function of solder in electronics?

To connect two or more contacts so that electricity can flow between components.

What is anodising in relation to aluminium?

A process of electrolysis that oxidizes the surface of aluminium for durability and corrosion resistance.

How can the properties of aluminium be modified?

Through anodising, which can also allow for dyeing the aluminium surface.

What are some advancements in domestic appliances?

Increased functionality, durability, energy efficiency, and lightweight designs.

What is the role of a microcontroller in domestic appliances?

To control functions like starting cycles, regulating temperature, and indicating cycle completion.

What is the benefit of using hybrid engines in vehicles?

Improved fuel efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions.

What technology is used in autonomous vehicles for navigation?

Collision avoidance systems, data capture, and sensors.

What is a Head-up Display (HUD) in vehicles?

A system that projects key data onto the windscreen within the driver's line of sight.

What are some modern features of buses due to technological advancements?

Wi-Fi on board, thinner seating for legroom, and bus tracking services.

What is the purpose of using CAD in PCB manufacturing?

To design the circuit layout and facilitate precision cutting.

What is the significance of using lightweight materials in automotive design?

To increase efficiency and improve end-of-life recovery of vehicles.

What does the term 'tinning' refer to in soldering?

Applying a thin layer of solder to components and wires to aid in joining.

What safety issues should be considered when working with PCBs?

Proper handling of chemicals and ensuring safe soldering practices.

What is the function of a thermistor in a washing machine?

To regulate the temperature of the water.

How has ticketing technology evolved in public transportation?

Incorporation of wireless NFC communication and contactless bank cards.

What is the environmental benefit of using electric motor technology in buses?

It helps reduce emissions and improve sustainability.

What is the process for creating a PCB after etching?

The board is washed, drilled, and prepared for soldering components.

What is the purpose of using flux in soldering?

To aid the flow of solder and improve the quality of the joint.

What are some applications of anodised aluminium?

Used in aircraft parts, vehicles, shipping, and electronics like smartphones.