Viruses

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Last updated 1:27 AM on 9/8/23
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16 Terms

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Virus
An infectious non-living particle that is only active when inside a living cell. Only consists of two parts. Genetic material and capsid.
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Lytic Cycle
A cycle in which a virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst. Quick cycle.
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Lysogenic Cycle
A cycle in which a virus enters a cell, joins with the cell's DNA, and continues to be a part of each new cell without killing the cell. Slow cycle.
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Immune System
The body's defense system against pathogens, consisting of barriers, white blood cells, inflammation, specialized proteins, B-cell response, and T-cell response.
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Phagocytes/macrophages
White blood cells that destroy pathogens by ingesting them through a process called phagocytosis.
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Inflammation
A response triggered by a pathogen invasion, resulting in heat, redness, pain, and swelling to assist in killing the pathogens.
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Interferon
A specialized protein released by an infected cell that stimulates nearby cells to produce antiviral substances to interfere with viral replication.
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B-Cell Response
The response of B-cells, which carry one type of antibody on their surface and produce millions of identical B-cells when activated by a matching foreign antigen.
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T-Cell Response
The response of T-cells, which target infected cells and produce different kinds of T-cells, including cytotoxic T-cells that kill infected cells and memory T-cells that help fight the invader in later infections.
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Antigens
Molecules on the surface of viruses, bacteria, fungi, pollen, and other pathogens.
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Antibodies
Y-shaped proteins that bind to antigens and are found on the surface of certain white blood cells or freely floating in the blood.
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Natural Immunity
Immunity acquired through infection by an actual pathogen or through natural antibodies from mother to infant.
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Artificial Immunity
Immunity acquired through a pathogen in a vaccine or through antibodies in a passive vaccine.
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1st Line of Defense
Barriers. Skin, sweat, gastric juice, tears & salive, mucus, and cilia.
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2nd Line of Defense
WBCS, inflammation, and specialized proteins.
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3rd Line of Defense
B-Cell & T-Cell response.