Cell Bio - Test 1 flashcards

Test 1 flashcards

A cell with endoplasmic reticulum most likely belongs to the domain _____.

Bacteria

Eukaryotes

Archaea

Cannot be determined

Eukaryotes

Name the purine nucleotides.

Adenine and Guanine

The lenses in an electron microscope are actually_____.

Concave Glass

Convex Glass

Heavy metal calipers

Magnets

None

Magnets

Which amino acid is incompatible with the formation of alpha helices?

Proline

Which of the following is/are present in all cells?

Cytosol

Plasma Membrane

Ribosomes

All of the above

Cytosol, Plasma Membrane, Ribosomes (All of the above)

A monosaccharide with 4 carbons will have ____ oxygens and ____ hydrogens.

4 and 4

4 and 8

8 and 12

8 and 8

none

4 and 8

At least some of the illumination source passes through specimens in all of the following types of microscopes, except?

Bright field

Phase contrast

Scanning electron

Transmission electron

Name four types of proteins.

Structural, defensive, hormonal and receptor

Which type of microscopy requires coating the specimen with heavy metal? 

Bright-field

Phase‑contrast 

Scanning electron

Transmission electron 

All of the above

Scanning electron

Name two basic amino acids

Histidine, Lysine and Arginine

The earliest light microscopes were noted in the _____.

1400’s

1600’s

1800’s

1900’s

1600’s

Sucrose is a disaccharide made of _____.

2 glucose monomers

Fructose and galactose

Fructose and mannose

Fructose and glucose

None of the above

Fructose and glucose

Scientists estimate that prokaryotes were first found on earth approximately ___ billion years ago.

0.9

2.2

3.5

5.1

3.5

The cell theory was proposed by  _______.

Hooke and Scwhann

Schleiden and Schwann

Schleiden and Thomas

Schwann and Van Leeuwenhoek

None of the above

Schleiden and Schwann

Extra credit: Name the three domains of life. 

Eukaryotes, Bacteria, and Archea

Which of the following are true of ALL proteins?

They have ligands.

They have substrates.

They have quaternary structure.

All of the above are correct

None of the above is correct

None of the above

The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is its ____ structure.

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Primary

When was the cell theory proposed?

1665

1839

1931

1953

1839

Which of the following polymers are created by dehydration or condensation reactions?

Polysaccharides

Polypeptides

Nucleic acids

All of the above

None of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is correct about alpha helices?

They are a type of tertiary structure.

They form when the side chain of one amino acid bonds with the alpha carbon of another amino acid.

When they are in proteins in the cytoplasm, hydrophobic side chains are on the outside of the protein.

They are stabilized by hydrogen bonding.

All of the above are correct

They are stabilized by hydrogen bonding

Seeing things clearly using a microscope depends on all of the following, except   _______.

Contrast

Magnification

Resolution

Microscope working distance

All of the above are important

Microscope working distance

Which of molecules below demonstrates the ability of chains of carbons to form ring structures?

Monosaccharides

Nucleotides

Steroids

All of the above

None of the above

All of the above

How many nanometers are in 1.78 centimeters

1.78 × 10^7 nanometers

Which fatty acid type contains NO double bonds? 

Omega‑3 

Polyunsaturated

Saturated 

Unsaturated

All of the above

Saturated

The simplest amino acid is ____, and its R group is ___.

Alanine . . . a  hydrogen atom

Alanine . . . a methyl group

Glycine . . . a hydrogen atom

Glycine . . . a methyl group

Glycine… a hydrogen atom

Beta-sheets in which the amino (N)-termini of the beta-strands are aligned are described as ____.

Antiparallel

Conservative

Oblique

Parallel

None of the above

Parallel

What is the carbohydrate in DNA, and how many carbons are in it?

Deoxyribose, 5 carbons

How many valence electrons are in carbon ___?

2

3

4

5

4

Which of the following chemical groups is not present in the compound in the figure?

Amino

Carboxylic acid

Hydroxyl

Sulfhydryl

All of the above

Carboxylic Acid

A derivation of the nucleotide adenine forms the energy molecule ____.

ATP-adenine triphosphate

What living things are the universal building blocks of all living things?

Cells

DNA

Lipids

Proteins

All of the above

Cells

Name two of the uncharged, polar amino acids

Serine (Ser, S)

Threonine (Thr, T)

Cysteine (Cys, C)

Tyrosine (Tyr, Y)

Asparagine (Asn, N)

Glutamine (Gln, Q)

What would the resolution of a microscope using a light source with a wavelength of 400 nm and a numerical aperture of 1 be?

400 nm x 0.61/1= 

244

Which of the following is a part of all amino acids?

Aldehyde group

Amino group

Hydroxyl groups

Ketone group

All of the above are parts of all amino acids

Amino group

Which of the following chemicals bonds is strongest in cells?

Covalent

Hydrogen

Ionic

Van der Waals interactions

Covalent

The majority of amino acids have side chains that are ____.

Acidic

Basic

Nonpolar

Polar

Nonpolar

-

Which of the following chemical groups is not present in the compound in the figure?

Amino

Carboxylic acid

Hydroxyl

Sulfhydryl

All of the above are present

Carboxylic acid

Which of the following types of bonds act in protein folding?

Electrostatic attractions

Hydrogen bonds

Hydrophobic forces

van der Waals interactions

All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following polysaccharides is made by humans?

Amylose

Cellulose

Glycogen

All of the above

None of the above

Glycogen

In a polar covalent bond consisting of hydrogen and oxygen, the _______.

Hydrogen has a partial negative charge because it is more electronegative than oxygen

Hydrogen has a partial positive charge because it is more electronegative than oxygen

Oxygen has a partial negative charge because it is more electronegative than hydrogen

Oxygen has a partial positive charge because it is more electronegative than hydrogen

Oxygen has a partial negative charge because it is more electronegative than hydrogen

The percentage of water in cells ranges from _____ percent.

70-95%

Name the four macromolecules of life.

Carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, nucleotides

An electron microscope would be needed to view which of the following?

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Ribosomes

All of the above

None of the above

Ribosomes

Name 4 things that all living things do.

Cellular Respiration, Reproduce, Consume Nutrients, Excrete Nutrients

Who showed in the laboratory that spontaneous formation of organic compounds that could form the macromolecules of life could occur in conditions found on primitive Earth?

Gunther Rudenberg

Robert Hooke

Stanley Miller

Theodor Schwann

None of the above

Stanley Miller

There are ___ common amino acids.

10

20

40

50

20

Which of the following chemical bonds is due to the random, ever-changing accumulation of electrons in one part of a molecule?

Hydrogen bonds

Covalent bonds

Van der Waals interactions

Hydrophobic forces

Van der Waals interactions

Two microscopes with the same lenses are using different light sources. Microscope A is using visible light.  Microscope B is using ultraviolet light that has a wavelength of 350 nm.  Which of the following is true?

The magnification of microscope A is greater than the magnification of microscope B.

The magnification of microscope B is greater than the magnification of microscope A.

The resolution of microscope A is better than microscope B.

The resolution of microscope B is better than microscope A.

The resolution of microscope B is better than microscope A.

If the pH of cells the normal range of approximately 7.2, the ______ group in amino acids can donate a hydrogen to lower the pH.

Amino group

Carboxyl group

Sulfhydryl group

All of the above

Carboxyl group

Which of the following atoms is most likely to form an anion in a dissociated ionic bond?

Carbon

Fluorine (F)

Nitrogen

Lithium (Li)

Fluorine (F)

Which of the following elements make up 96% of all living matter? (select all that apply)

Calcium

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen