315 Vocab

Alopecia *Skin/hair/nails

patchy hair loss caused by autoimmune disease

Bulla vs Vesicle

small vs large fluid-filled blister

Crust

hardened blood or pus over damaged skin

Cyanosis

blueish discoloration of skin caused by low O2 levels

Erythema

skin redness

Excoriation

disorder of picking one’s skin leading to scars

Fissure

deep crack on skin (callus on hands/feet)

Jaundice

yellow skin/sclera *liver damage

Keloid

excess skin growth

Lipoma

benign tumor of fatty cells

Nervus

mole

Pruritus

intense itching

pustule

puss-filled blister

Ulcer

painful open sores

Zosteriform

linear rash along nerve route

Bruit *head/face/neck/lymphatics

swooshing sound (stethoscope), obstructed arteries

Dyspahgia

difficulty swallowing

Lymphadenopathy

enlargement of lymph nodes

Micro/macro/normoacephalic

small/big/normal head size

Torticollis

twisted or tilted neck

Vertigo

sensation of spinning (issue with inner ear)

Accommodation *eyes

lens changes shape to focus on near/far objects

Astigmatism

irregular lens shape causing blurry vision

Blepharitis

inflammation of the eyelid

Cataract

clouding of the lens causing blurry vision

Conjuntivitis

pink eye: sticky, itchy

Diplopia

seeing 2 objects from 1

Ectropion

lower eyelid turns outward

Glaucoma

high pressure → damage to the optic nerve

Macula

center of retina, responsible for detailed vision

Mylopia

nearsightedness, close = clear, far = blurry

Nystagmus

wobbling of the eyes

ptosis

drooping upper eyelid

Strabismus

eyes are misaligned

presbyopia

lens losses ability to focus on objects (age related)

Candidiasis *Nose, mouth, throat

oral/vaginal thrush, yeast overgrowth

caries

tooth decay

Epistaxis

nosebleed

Gingivitis 

gum disease

Herpes simplex

oral/genital herpes (painful blisters)

pharyngitis

inflammation of throat

rhinitis

inflammation of the nasal mucosa (sneezing, congestion)

papillae

small dots on the tongue; contain taste buds, food grip

parotid glands

major salivary glands; behind/front of ears

terbinate

structure inside nose that cleanse + humidify air

areola *azillae

darkened area around nipple

colostrum

thin, yellow fluid before milk “gold liquid”

fibroadenoma

benign breast mass

mastitis

inflammation of breast

peau d’orange

orange peel appearance of breast

striae

stretch marks

alveoli *thorax/lungs

primary site for gas exchange below bronchioles

apnea

interruptions of breathing (common during sleep)

asthma

abnormal respirations due to allergic hypersensitivity → bronchoconstriction, wheezing, dyspnea
*inhaler

bradypnea

slow breathing (<10 breaths per min)

bronchiole

tiny airway branch of bronchi

COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

lung damage characterized by wheezing, coughing, respiratory difficulty

(often due to smoking)

Cilia

hairlike cells that line respiratory tract, motile

Consolidation

alveoli fill up with fluid, common in pneumonia

Crackles

popping/clicking, *pneumonia/congestive HF

Crepitus

crackling or popping sound in joints

dyspnea

difficulty breathing/shortness of breath

Emphysema

progressive obstructive lung damage (COPD) causes shortness of breath/wheezing

friction rub

inflamed pleural (lung lining) rubbing together causing a grating soundhy

perventilation

increased rate/depth of breathing

hypoxemia

dec O2 in blood

intercostal space

space between ribs

pleural effusion

abnormal fluid accumulation in pluera

Stridor

high pitched sound caused by upper airway obstruction *Croup

tachypnea

rapid, shallow breathing (>24 breaths per min)

wheeze

high pitched, squeaking sound

angina pectoris *heart/neck

cheat pain due to myocardium not recieving enough O2

aortic/pulmonic stenosis

aortic/pulmonic valve narrows restricting blood flow to body/heart

apical pulse

at mitral valve; more accurate HR`

Bradycardia

low HR (under 60)

Clubbing

enlargement of nails; curvature

Cyanosis

bluish-purple skin due to poor oxygenation

Dyspnea

shortness of breath

edema

swelling due to fluid overload (HF, LF, kidney disease)

left ventricle hypertrophy

thickening/enlargement of left ventricle (HTN)

Palpitation

sensation of racing/pounding/skipping heart beat

Pericardial friction rub

inflamed pericardial rubbing together → high-pitched scratching sound (pericarditis)

Pulmonic/Mitral regurgitation

valves fail to close/are loose → backflow of blood

syncope

fainting/passing out

Tachycardia

fast HR (100+ bpm)

Thrill

vibration of chest

Ascites *abdomen

fluid overload in abdomen (liver cirrhosis)

Borborygmi

rumbling/gurgling noises in stomach

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

Costal vetebral angle

lower angle of back torso

Diastasis recti

separation of rectus abdominis (common after pregnancy)

Epigastric pain

upper abdomen (above naval) cause: heart burn, GERD, gastritis, peptic ulcers

Hepatomegaly

enlargement of liver

Hernia

fat/organ protrude through muscle

paralytic ileus

functional obstruction of small intestine

Peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum