Binocular Vision and Amblyopia Review

This set of flashcards covers key terms and definitions related to Binocular Vision and Amblyopia, helping to understand important concepts for the upcoming exam.

Cover Test (CT)

A diagnostic test to check the amplitude and type of deviation in eye alignment.

Amblyopia

Reduced visual acuity in an affected eye with a difference of 2 or more lines compared to the better eye, not correctable to expected visual acuity.

Heterotropia

Misalignment of the visual axis when both eyes are open, which can alternate between the two eyes.

Esotropia

A condition where the eyes are turned inward.

Exotropia

A condition where the eyes are turned outward.

Diplopia

Double vision that can be pathological (due to strabismus) or physiological (outside of Panum's fusion area).

Stereopsis

Depth perception achieved by fusing two different images seen by each eye.

Binocular Single Vision (BSV)

The ability to use both eyes simultaneously to see a single image.

Convergence Excess Esotropia

A condition where esotropia is present at near fixation but not at distance.

Intermittent Esotropia

A condition where inward turn occurs only under certain conditions of fixation distance, accommodation, or time.

Nystagmus

Involuntary oscillation of the eyeballs.

Microtropia

A small angle of tropia less than or equal to 10 prism diopters with binocular single vision present.

Accommodation Paralysis

Total inability to accommodate, often resulting in blurred near visual acuity.

Suppression

The brain's process of ignoring visual input from one eye, which can be physiological or pathological.

Convergence Insufficiency

Inability to maintain sufficient binocular convergence without effort, characterized by a near point of convergence greater than 10 cm.

Pathological Diplopia

Diplopia resulting from an existing strabismus condition.

Cyclotropia

Torsional misalignment of one eye, often due to bilateral superior oblique palsies.

Heterophoria

A latent squint where the eyes deviate only upon dissociation.

Prism Fusion Range

The range of prism diopters over which motor fusion can be achieved, measured in distance and near.

Conversational Studies on BSV

The impact of age and visual loss on the development of Binocular Single Vision.

Cortical Obstacles

Barriers to BSV caused by failure of the development of binocularity-driven cells in the visual cortex.