exam 2 practice questions chapters 21-22

Which of the following is a property of life shared by prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, but not viruses?

the ability to process energy through metabolic reactions

You are a researcher working on an unknown virus. To try and determine what type of virus it is, you gathered the following information:

The capsid is surrounded by a plasma membrane that resembles that of an animal cell. After its genetic material is released into a host cell, the genetic information is used as the template to produce +mRNA via transcription. From this mRNA, proteins are produced, making further use of the host's resources. When the assembled virus particles leave the cell, they destroy it.

What type of virus is this? 

An enveloped, lytic DNA virus.

Which of the following statements about different classes of viruses is true?

The single-stranded RNA from +ssRNA viruses can serve directly as mRNA.

Which Baltimore classification groups are considered retroviruses?

Groups VI and VII.

Although viruses are very tiny, they are much larger than molecules of oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

true

All prokaryotes have one circular chromosome. In addition, some prokaryotes have plasmids. Which of the following is true regarding prokaryote chromosome and prokaryote plasmids?

Plasmids contain genes that are not found on the prokaryote's chromosome.

Which of the following is true of the three domains?

Eukarya and Archaea are sister taxa.

Gram-positive / gram-negative bacteria are named based on the composition of their cell wall and whether a blue dye stain adheres to peptidoglycan the cell wall. If the blue dye adheres to the peptidoglycan, the bacteria is stained blue. If the blue dye does not adhere then a second, red, stain can be seen instead. Which of the following is true?

Gram-positive bacteria:

The thick peptidoglycan layer traps the blue stain within the cell, staining the cell blue.

Gram-negative bacteria:

The peptidoglycan layer is too thin to trap the stain, revealing the red stain

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic reproduction and genetic recombination is true?

During conjugation, a donor cell shares DNA with a receptor cell.

Which of the following are not found prokaryotes?

a nuclear membrane.

The protein coat around a virus is called:

Capsid

Which of these is not a structured group of viral capsids?

Bacillus

Which of these is not true about group 2 +single stranded DNA

The - strand is used to transcribe a mRNA

Which of these is false about RNA viruses

They convert DNA to RNA

Retroviruses do which of the following:

Reverse transcription

Which of the following is not a part of the viral lifecycle?

Lyse

In the lysogenic lifecycle, the host cell is:

Not Destroyed

Horizontal transmission can be defined as:

From one organism to another

True or False: Antibiotics treat viral infections:

False

Vaccines work by:

Teaching the immune system to recognize and build immunity

Which of these domains are prokaryotic:

Bacteria and Archea

The first prokaryotes were considered:

Chemoautotrophs

Which of the following is not a benefit of photosynthesis oxygenating the atmosphere?

Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

Prokaryotes contain which of the following:

Ribosomes

Yellowstone National park is known for their wide variety of natural attractions, specifically

their large concentration of volcanic hotsprings. Which domain is most likely to be found in the

volcanic hot spring area?

Domain Archaea

A scientist is running some tests to identify a certain bacteria causing infection in young

lambs. One of the tests that she runs is a gram stain test. When she analyzes the results she

notices that the bacteria has stained purple. What kind of bacteria is this and what does it signify

about their cell wall?

Gram positive bacteria, due to the presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer

Which of the following is a form of prokaryotic genetic recombination?

Transformation

The process by which DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another using the pilus is

called?

Conjugation

Any time a population of bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, some will naturally be

Resistant

The Flu commonly spikes around December-February, often this period is called “Flu

season” due to the amount of cases reported. However, the Flu is a constant presence year

round in many nations around the world. This is an example of:

An endemic disease