Oral Anatomy & Histology: The Periodontium

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the anatomy and histology of the periodontium, including cementum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone.

Cementum

A hard dental tissue that attaches the teeth to the alveolar process by anchoring the periodontal ligaments.

Periodontal Ligament (PDL)

Connective tissue around the root of the tooth that provides attachment of the teeth to the surrounding alveolar bone.

Acellular cementum

The first layer of cementum deposited at the dentin-cementum junction (DCJ), considered primary cementum without embedded cementocytes.

Cellular cementum

Also called secondary cementum, found in the apical portion of the tooth, contains cementocytes and allows for more cementum production.

Sharpey's fibers

Bundles of collagen fibers that are trapped in cementum and attach the periodontal ligament to the tooth.

Alveolar bone

The part of the maxilla or mandible that supports and protects the teeth, to which the cementum is attached.

Histological structure of PDL

The PDL contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and specialized cells like fibroblasts and cementoblasts.

Hypercementosis

The thickening of cellular cementum, particularly at the root apex, which can cause complications during tooth extraction.

Gingival fibers

Fibers that connect the tooth to the gingiva, holding the gingiva close to the tooth.

PDL functions

Includes supportive, formative, resorptive, sensory, and nutritive roles in maintaining tooth health and function.

Bone remodeling

The continuous process of bone formation and resorption that occurs throughout life, influenced by functional demands.

Clinical significance of alveolar process

Alveolar bone is critical for tooth support and can undergo resorption in response to periodontal disease.

Collagen fibers

The primary structural component of the periodontal ligament that helps in attachment and support.

Osteocytes

Bone cells that occupy lacunae and communicate through canaliculi, responsible for the maintenance of bone.

Dentinal tubules

Small hollow tubes in dentin that can become exposed due to loss of cementum or enamel, leading to sensitivity.

Pathological tooth migration

Movement of teeth as a result of periodontal disease or occlusal trauma, indicating compromised periodontal support.