Ship Types

Thoroughly understand the basic characteristics of bulk carriers etc and the type of trades in which they are used. Understand the main sizes of vessel in each class. Expect to illustrate any answers with simple sketches.

Gross Register Tonnage or Gross Tonnage

Total Tonnage of enclosed space

Net Register Tonnage or Net Tonnage

Gross tonnage - machines space occupied

Displacement Tonnage

Total weight of water displaced when ship loaded

Light Displacement

Measure of empty ship weight

Deadweight Tonnage

Total weight ship can carry including cargo, fuel, stores, ballast

DWCC (dead weight cargo Capacity)

stores for cargo + bunker

Draught

Distance from ship bottom to ship Keel

Keel

Level of the water on the ship’s side

Draught Survey

Method to measure the weight of cargo on ship by finding out the difference in draft unloaded and loaded.

Depth

Distance from Keel to uppermost loadline deck

Free Board

Waterline to top continuous deck, Depth - draught

Loadline Marks

TF - Tropical Zone Fresh Water, F = Fresh Water , T = Tropical (sea water) , S= Summer , W = winter, WNA = winter North Atlantic

Bale Cubic space

space if girdirs were put in

Grain Cubic

How much small small grain could fit in

Measurement cargo

Cargo which is less dense and space is a limitation, under 40 cubic ft a tonne

Stowage

Is the density of Cargo measured in Cubic foot or meter cubed per tonne

Stowage of Iron Ore

around 0.3m³ to 0.4m³

Urea Stowage

1.17m³

Water stoage

1m³ /tonne

Explai why despite having a higher stowage factor than water coal dos not float on water

air gaps in the coal when you load stowage does not equal density.

How do tankers meadure density oil fluids

in relation to water with water being 1

What is IMSBC code

covers the rules and regulation for the safe storage of solid cargoes

Grains safe storage covered by

International code for safe carry of grain

Sten tube

prevents water ingress through propeller

Rudder

abaft the propeller steers the ship

Steering Gear, SG

Mechanics for rudder

Monkey Island

deck on top of the ship

RS Rope store

storage for ropes and wires

ES Engine Store

storage space for engine

Forepeak

Large Ballast tank in the front

Balbous Bow

front of ship used to part/separate the sea

gypsy

cylinder that acts as pulley for anchor, anchor goes over it when it is pulled back

fo’csle Store

storage at the front of ship

fo’csle deck

deck at the front of ship

Poop

total storage in stern,made up of AP, RS , SG , ES

Afterpeak

Ballast tank at the back (balance, raises bow at the back)

Two broad types of Bulk carriers and which are bigger

geared and un geared , geared are normally the bigger ship.

Main Types of Bulker

• Dry Coast carrier

• handy size

• Handymax

• supramax

• panamax

• kamsarmax

• Capesize

• VLOC

Dry Coast carrier

• 1500 - 5000dwt

• 2 holds

• 50-150 meters length

• standard carrier layout no gears

VLOC

Very Large Oil Carrier

• 7-8 Holds

• 200,000 dwt

• 320 meters length

• no cranes

• siderolling hatches

Capesize Bulker

• 180,000 dwt

• 290 meters

• 9 holds

• no cranes

Panamax

• Largest ships able to pass though canal fully loaded

• up to 75,000dwt

• 7 holds

Neo Panamax

• 120,000 dwt

• 7/8 holds

• can pass through canal if part laden or low stowage cargo

Kamsarmax

• 82,000 dwt

• 7 holds

• designed to fit into kamsar port

Open Hatch Vessels

full width hatches seen in handy max and handy size vessels, Note these are permenantly open that’s just the name

Handysize (bulk)

• 25000 to 40000

• 5 holds

• 4 cranes , 20-25 tonne swl

• fore and aft rolling hatches

Handy max/ Supra max

• 35-50 dwt (handy), 50 - 60 (supramax)

• 5 to 6 holds

• fore aft moving covers'

• 4 ,30-35 swl tonne cranes

Hopper shaped hold

Hexagon shaped hold so that grabber can more easily take out material

Multipurpose vessel

• Can carry containers, steel forest products and some dry bulk as well

• tween deck

tween deck

tween deck is an intermediate deck within a cargo hold used to divide the space into separate compartments.

Panamax (cpntainer)

5000 teu

Bridge at the back

300 meters

New Panamax

10,000 - 14500 teu
built after canal expansion

bridge in the middle

366meters

ultra large container ship

18,000 +

up to 22 knots

400 meters long

bridge in the middle

How are ro ro capactiy measured

Measured in Lane meters, also have ramp load to signify how heavy vehicle you can transport.

Types of Tanker

• ULCC

• VLCC

• Suezmax

• Aframax

• Panamax

• Product carriers

Types of Product carrier and something special about them

LR1 , LR2 , Medium range Tanker

• All have coated pipes and stainless steel pumps and lines as product is pure and can be used as soon as it is unloaded

ULCC

• 320k dwt

• only 2 trading and one on order

VLCC, stats + type of trade it is used

• 300 to 320 k dwt

• In ballast can sometimes cross suez

• 330 meters

• 3 cargo pumps 5000m³ in a hour

• 22.6m

• 15 tanks

• used in long haul cruise

Suezmax, stats + type of trade it is used

• 120 - 200dwt

• draught 20m

• length 288 meters

• 10 tanks

• Routes involving Suez Canal

Slop Tank

Tank used to store waste Liquids

Aframax, stats + type of trade it is used

• 250 m (L)

• 12 cargo tanks

• 4 cargo and 2 ballast pumps

• Used for in regional trades which have smaller ports

Panamax, stats + type of trade it is used

• 229 meters Long

• 65,000 to 75,000

• 4 cargo pumps

• 12 cargo tanks

• Used in Cross Panama canal routes

LR1

65,000 - 75000 dwt, 229 L , 12 tanks , medium haul trips with products

LR2

95,000 - 120,000 dwt , 12 tanks 250L, 4 pumps, Longest haul product routes

MR (medium range tanker)

• Similar design just smaller

• 189 L

• 32,000 to 50,000 dwt

• 12 tanks

Key point about cargo tanks

All tankers have 12 tanks except : VLCC (15), Suezmax (10)

How are chemicals transported

on chemical carriers also have steel pipes and resin on holds to prevent old residue interating with new , different tanks on tankers can carry different products,

- normaly less than 50000 dwt

Two Main types of Gas transported

• Liquid Natural Gas

• Liquid Petroleum Gas

LPG types and tankers

Types

• Butane

• Propane

Types of tanker

• VLGC

• Pressurial LPG tanker

What are the two ways a gas can be transported in a tanker and which types of gas can be transported with each method

• Kept liquid with high pressure - LPG can be kept liquid by this alone but LNG can’t by pressure alone

• Kept liquid with low temp - LPG and LNG both, LNG required to be cold

Pressurial LPG tanker

• 93 meters

• 4800 dwt

• See diagram on A4 sheet

VLGC

• 50 -70k dwt

• 226 length

• temp down to -50 o c

LNG types of Ship , temp for main gases

Types

Methane : - 104 degree centigrade

Ethane : - 163 degree centigrade

Types of Ship:

• Moss Carrier

• Prismatic Tank Carrier

Moss Carrier Size and description

• Aluminium tanks protected by insulation and covered with steel, connected with ship hull but not part of it.

• 66,500 dwt

• 4 tanks

• 10 pumps

• 130,000m³

Prismatic Tank Carrier Size and description

• Integrated membrane tanks

• Insulation+ tank wall + hull

• 100-130K dwt

• temp down to -166 Celsius

Which of the systems is better

• both are not fully effective

• boil off 0.15% per day but use that to contribute towards fuel

• Less environmentally damaging so growing importance.