Unit 6 SEHS IB HL

2 main interventions in sport aimed at reducing the risk of injury

protective equipment and prehabilitation

protective equipment eg

eyewear, mouthguards, rule changes

prehabilitation

Trying to prevent injuries before they occur

prehabilitation examples

endurance and strength training, plyometrics and balance

reducing injury risk in equipment for ages

scaling sports equipment

I.C.E method to reduce inflammation

ice pack, compress and elevate

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

used to stop pain and reduce inflammation

treatment of concussion

varies case by case, speed of recovery is not always linear

stress

a response of the body to a demand made on it (a stressor)

time limited voluntary stress

amateur level competition for fun usually

time limited compulsory stress

selection event

stressful event sequences

moving homes and schools, new friends

chronic stress

longterm illness or overtraining

distant stressors

an experience from the past that have impact on future responses

arousal

the response to a stressor from the sympathetic nervous system

drive theory of arousal

as performance increases, arousal does too

inverted U arousal theory

athletes have an optimal functioning zone if arousal is too high performance declines

limitations to the inverted U approach

lack of credible evidence, real life declines differ, more components to performance decline

cognitive anxiety

thought component, worries and doubts

somatic anxiety

physical component, increased HR and tension

catastrophe theory

a 3 dimensional theory suggesting a combination of cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety can lead to a sudden and dramatic drop in performance.

measurement of stress and anxiety

cortisol levels or anxiety questionnaire

coping

constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage internal/external demands

appraisal

evaluating whether an encounter with the environment is relevant to wellbeing

problem-focused coping and eg

seeking ways to alter stressors eg removing the source

emotion-focused coping and eg

seeking ways to regulate negative emotional responses from stressors rather than altering it eg self talk

avoidance-focused coping and eg

seeking ways to prevent negative impacts of stressors eg distancing or quitting

effectiveness of disengagement in sports psychology

short-term relief only

Importance of social support

associated with improved health, immune functioning, providing a calming effect that reduces blood pressure and stress hormones

benefits of self talk

enhanced focus and concentration, more motivation and confidence

Problem-focused coping is more effective for...

controllable stressors

Emotion-focused coping is more effective for...

uncontrollable stressors

risk of injury

magnitude of risk = likelihood of rise x severity of risk

internal risk factors for injury

age, previous injury, sex differences

external risk factors for injury

personal protective equipment, position, playing surface

laceration injuries

when the skin or muscle is cut by an external object

strain

on muscle tendon

sprain

on ligament

acute injuries

sudden injuries due to excessive application of force

chronic injuries

overuse, repeated application of force over time

correcting biomechanical maladaptations can…

enhance movement mechanics and reduce the risk of injury