enivormental science final

While saltwater covers about 79% of the Earth's surface, freshwater covers only..

2%

According to the USGS data shown in class, the typical US household loses how much of it's water to leaks on average?

14%

Water in Flint, Michigan was contaminated with which heavy metal after corrosive water was carried through the pipe distribution system? 

lead

The 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak resulted from which type of water contamination?

boilogical

Water contamination can happen at many different parts of a municipal drinking water system.

true

Global water issues related to access to clean, safe, water, sanitation, and hygiene are referred to by the acronym...

WASH

Which group of chemical water contaminants are referred to as "forever chemicals"?

PFAS

In the US community water systems are often plagued by...

all the above

The availability of freshwater aligns well with the distribution of the global population

fales

In the Western United States most of the freshwater is used for?

agricultural irrigation

The three main drivers of global food insecurity include all of the following EXCEPT.

population decline

Estimates suggest that in the United States, how much food is wasted? 

30-40%

Estimates suggest that the greatest source of this waste (about 60%) is from...

wast in averge houesholds

Our dietary choices have no impact on our personal environmental impact. 

false

CAFO stands for...

concentrated animal feeding operation

Conversion for grasslands, forests, and wetlands to farmlands leads to...

all the above

Climate change is making things _______ for the critical laborers that grow, transport, and prepare our food. 

harder

According to the data we reviewed in class from the Greater Boston Food Bank, what percentage of Massachusetts households reported experiencing food insecurity in 2023?

34%

Food waste accounts for a larger proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions than the entire aviation sector. 

true

In developed nations, FOOD DESERTS often exist in places with 

all the above

Since 1950, the production of plastic has ____________.

increased

Approximately how much of the plastic we produce is single-use plastic?

40-50%

Several recent studies have indicated that __% of products that we put into the recycling bin in the United States are actually being recycled to post consumer plastic. 

less than 10%

Studies have identified microplastics in ___________.

all the above

The majority of plastics are derived from __________.

fossil fules (hydocarbons)

Advantages of waste to energy incineration include ALL of the following EXCEPT.

facilities are cheap to build and easy to maintain

The US generates more waste from residential garbage than industrial waste

fales

Compared to a linear economy, a circular economy has significant environmental benefits. 

ture

Which of the following is NOT a principle of a circular economy?

generate cheaper products

Advantages of sending waste to sanitary landfills include ALL of the following EXCEPT.

landfills release greenhouse gases (methane and CO2)

The key legislation related to the regulation of consumer chemicals in the US is TSCA which stands for ____________. 

Toxic substances and chemical act

Which class of chemical compunds disrupts the normal function of bodily systems becuase the chemicals “mimic Hormones”

endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)

PFAS are EDCs.

true

Exposure to CHLORPYRIFOS is limited to agricultural workers who spray the chemical on crops.

false

Weed killer containing Glyphosate has been detected in foods like oatmeal and cheerios. This herbicide is often used residentially and sold under the brand name ____________.

RoundUp

All commercially available residential cleaning products are properly labeled to warn consumers of their dangerous properties. 

false

EDC exposure has been linked to...

alll the above

Flame retardant additives do not stay in products - but come out overtime as the product ages and breaks down. This makes flame retardants often prevalent in dust. 

true

Cleaning product fumes can induce asthma attacks in otherwise healthy individuals

true

In the United States, all chemical regulations are based on the Precautionary Principle. 

false