women representation

Descriptive Representation

The idea that a representative institution should reflect the demographics of the broader society.

Substantive Representation

The concept that the interests of different social groups need to have a meaningful impact in decision-making processes.

Gender Quota

A policy that mandates a certain proportion of candidates for political positions to be women.

Microcosmos

The representation idea that political institutions should be a small-scale version of the larger society they serve.

Electoral Reform

Changes to the electoral system aimed at improving representation, including gender balance.

Party Gatekeeper

Individuals within political parties who influence candidate selection and nominations.

Underrepresentation

The situation where a particular group is not adequately represented in political institutions.

Cultural Attitudes

Societal beliefs and norms that influence perceptions of gender equality and representation.

Vicious Cycle of Underrepresentation

A situation where a lack of representation leads to fewer role models, perpetuating underrepresentation.

Open Lists/STV

An electoral system that allows voters to choose among candidates in a party list, rather than voting for the party as a whole.

Zipped List

A method of candidate listing where candidates are alternately male and female, promoting gender balance.

Childless Cat Lady

A derogatory stereotype used in politics to describe women without children, affecting perceptions of potential female candidates.

Acceptably Different

The notion that women politicians must conform to certain standards to be considered credible or electable.

Family-Friendly Practices

Policies and practices that accommodate the need for work-life balance, especially for candidates with caregiving responsibilities.

Natural Experiment

A study that observes the effects of a naturally occurring situation, as seen in electoral reforms for gender balance.

Tokenism

The practice of making only a perfunctory effort to include a minority group in a decision-making process.

Representative Institutions

Political bodies that reflect the demographics and interests of the citizens they serve.

Women-Friendly Policies

Legislations or policies that specifically aim to benefit women, such as maternity leave and childcare support.

Supply and Demand for Women Candidates

The factors influencing the number of women candidates running for office, including economic resources and social support.

Double Bind for Women MPs

The conflicting societal expectations placed on female politicians relating to gender roles and their political capabilities.