Phlebotomy Lab and Blood Collection Procedures

In normal hematocrit, the buffy coat accounts for

approximately 1% of whole blood

What is used to cleanse the skin before drawing blood?

alcohol

Inaccurate test results may occur in certain tests when what is used to prepare the skin prior to venipuncture?

alcohol

What would be part of the preparation for an oral glucose tolerance test?

give the patient a high carbohydrate drink immediately after the first blood draw

What is used to prepare the skin before a venipuncture when alcohol causes inaccurate results in certain tests?

sterile solution

After how many unsuccessful attempts at obtaining a good blood sample should you seek assitance from your supervisor or the doctor?

2

The best site for drawing blood from an infant

heel

What is important when drawing blood from children?

gather your supplies and samples quickly as possible to avoid alarming the child with blood-collection tubes

What is important when drawing blood from an elderly patient?

recognize changes in skin conditions that increase bruising

The most common sites for venipuncture are the

median cubital and cephalic veins

Blood tests for potassium and sodium identify

fluid and electrolyte imbalances

An erythrocyte count test is used to identify

anemia

A blood urea nitrogen tests is used to identify

kidney disorders

What should you do when preparing a venipuncture site?

cleanse the venipuncture site using a circulation motion starting at the center and working outwards

What would include when performing a venipuncture site using an evacuation system

insert the needle at 15 degree angle with the bevel side up

What is used in the capillary puncture technique?

lancet

Whiat is a characteristic of the capillary puncture?

the patient's non-dominant hand is used for the procedure

Which method of drawing blood would you use on a patient with small or fragile veins?

needle and syringe system

Which procedure for obtaining a blood sample in adults and children is usually performed on the middle or ring finger?

capillary puncture

Which blood collection devices uses interchangeable collection tubes that allow you to draw several blood specimens from the same venipuncture site?

evacuation system

What is a characteristic of lancet?

are small disposable instruments with a sharp point used to puncture the skin

A small, calibrated glass tube that holds a precise volume of fluid is called a

micropipette

The normal sodium blood level is

136-145 mEq/L

Normal prothrombin time (PT) is

11-15 seconds

The normal range for potassium in the blood is

3.5-5.1 mEq/L

The normal blood glucose level is

74-120 mg/dl

Which blood test identifies coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis?

total cholesterol

Gout is identified by which type of blood test?

uric acid

A puncture resistant, leak-proof container used to dispose of needles, lancets and other sharp objects is called a

sharps container

What would result in failure to draw blood during venipuncture?

losing the vacuum in the tube, sclerosed veins, and inserting the needle through the vein

ELISA and Western blot tests are used to confirm which of the following disorders?

HIV infection

A substance that when present on the surface of red blood cells causes the formation of antibodies interact specifcally with it are called

antigens

What is a special piece of equipment that allows one to count blood cells by examining a diluted blood sample under a microscope?

hemocytometer

What identifies how much of the volume of a sample is made up of red blood cells after the sample has been spun in a centrifuge?

hematocrit determination

To evaluate the endocrine system, one would

analyze hormone levels

What would cause a change in basal state?

stress and drugs, exercise, and diet

A percentage of each type of white blood cell in a total of 100 white cells observed is referred to as

a differential

Maintenance at a specific temperature for a specific amount of time until growth or a reaction occurs is?

incubation

The general lab centrifuge (GLC) is calibrated every

6 months

The Ivy method and the Duke method are used to measure

bleeding time

An accumulation in the body of substances, known as ketones, which may be detected by testing urine, commonly observed in starvation, pregnancy and diabetes is

ketosis

The laboratory test for Prothrombin time would be for

evaluating anticoagulant drugs

The laboratory test for cholesterol would be for

assessing risk of coronoary heart disease

The laboratory test for bleeding time would be

assessing hemostasis

The laboratory test for a white blood cell count would be for

detecting inflammation or infection

The temperature of the centrifuge is checked at the

beginning of each day

The Laboratory test for Creatine would be for

assessing glomerular filtration rate

For capillary collection from infants, a lancet with which of the following lengths should be used to avoid penetrating the bone?

1.5 mm

Anticoagulants prevent the blood from

forming a clot

If during the course of a venipuncture, the patient starts to bleed severely, you should

apply pressure to the site

For the Surgicutt Bleeding time test, the blood pressure cuff must be inflated on the patient's upper arm to

40 mm Hg

The phlebotomists would play an active role in patient education for which procedures?

24 hour urine samples, glucose tolerance test, urine culture

The laboratory test for hematocrit would be for what?

aiding in diagnosis of anemia

The laboratory test for a blood culture is used for

diagnosing bactereium

THe test that is required to test the patient's insulin releasing mechanism is called

glucose tolerance

A fasting blood specimen is needed for which clinical laboratory assays?

triglyceride and cholesterol

Which procedure requires 10 Ml, normal saline and 2 or 3 - 20 M1 disposable syringes?

collecting blood through CVC's

The prothrombin in the blood clotting process is dependent upon which of the following?

Vitamin K

The laboratory test for glucose tolerance would be confirming hyperglycemia and

diabetes mellitus

What dyes are used to test a patient's liver function?

Bromsulphalein dye

Spinal fluid cultures are used to determine

Meningitis

A centrifuge is a piece of laboratory equipment used for

hemacytology, spinning test tubes at high speeds and separating the cellular and liquid portions of the blood

What blood chemical constituents are light sensitive?

bilirubin

When blood is collected from a patient, the serum should be separated from the blood cells as quickly as possible to avoid

hemoconcentration

Lab results are unreliable if specimens are collected

after ingestion of alcohol

Which of the following fluid is extracted from joint cavities?

synovial fluid

the most common site to perform a venipuncture, or the bend of the arms is called

the antecubital fossa

A state of abnormal variations is the size of RBCs in the blood is

anisocytosis

What is needed to collect a blood culture specimen?

alcohol preps, disposable gloves, iodine scrub swabsticks

A prolonged bleeding time for a patient may be caused by intake of

dextran, mithramycin and aspirin

If a blood specimen is allowed to clot, without added anticoagulant, this is what remains:

fibrin clot, serum and blood cells

Why is it necessary to control the depth of a lancet insertion during skin puncture?

to avoid excessive bleeding

What conditions affect laboratory tests on blood specimens?

altitude, needle inserted through the vein and humidity

Hemoconcentration can be caused by

squeezing or probing the site, long term IV therapy, tourniquet left on for extended periods

A light colored layer of leukocytes and platelets which forms on the top of the red cell layer when a sample of blood is centrifuged or allowed to stand

buffy coat

Two primary tests for platelet activity are the _______ time, which is used to assess platelet function, and the _____ count, which evaluates platelet production

bleeding and platelet

What effect does warming the site have on venipuncture?

increases localized blood flow

Hematoma during venipuncture results from

needle bevel is partially inserted in the vein

Of the following veins, which would be most frequently used for venipuncture?

median cubital veins

The test that requires passing a tube through the patient's nose is called

Hollander test

The laboratory test for sedimentation rate is described as the time required for

erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of an upright tube at room temperature

What is used for tourniquets used in venipunctures?

rubber hose and blood pressure cuff

If a tube of blood is allowed to stand undisturbed, it will separate into:

3 major components

Serum that contains antibodies is refered to as

antiserum

The rapid sequence of vascular spasms, platelet plug formation and coagulation is known as

hemostasis

How many counting chambers are used to count white blood cells?

4

Which of the following would be reason to reject specimen for testing?

use of expired collection tubes, unlabeled specimen tubes, discrepancies on the requisition

What is not considered a timed blood specimen?

cortisol

The normal pH of blood is

about 7.4

An instrument which can be used to determine the concentration of a solution by measuring the light transmitted or absorbed by the solution is called

a spectrophotometer

A measurement of density is called

specific density

A labeled specimen must include

name and ID number, Date of collection, time of collection

On a typical microcollection tray you would not find

a patients chart

A temperature controlled chamber into which inoculated media is placed so that bacterial growth will occur is called an

incubator

The Complete Blood Count (CBC) includes which tests

Hgb, crit, RBC

What is the best angle for needle insertion during venipuncture?

15°

Why does blood separate into three layers when centrifuged?

their various densities

To help minimize dizziness or fainting, blood donors should eat within ____ hours of donating blood.

6

What tests may be affected most if the patient is not fasting?

glucose and triglycerides

Hemoguard is a type of

sheath