2602: EXAM #3

Study Q's in PPT + end of Reading Chpt Q's "worth studying"!!!

WEEK 9

National organizations must know + their actions

• The Institute of Medicine (IOM) study

• National Quality Forum (NQF)

• The Joint Commission (TJC)

• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

• Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

What major study helped shape modern patient safety standards in the U.S.?

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) study

What is the purpose of the National Quality Forum (NQF)?

To improve healthcare quality and safety by setting standards and reporting serious events (Never events)

The Joint Commission defines what?

Defines sentinel events + establishes National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs)

What role does CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services) play in safety?

Enforces federal safety regulations and reimbursement policies tied to quality care

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN):

Focuses on preparing future nurses to improve healthcare quality and safety

What is a Serious Reportable Event?

A preventable, serious, and harmful event (ex: wrong-site surgery).

What is a “Never Event”?

A completely preventable error that should NEVER occur (subset of SREs).

What is an adverse event?

Unintended harm to a patient (not always preventable).

What is a sentinel event?

An unexpected event causing death or serious injury or risk of it (loss of limb or function)

What are some examples of a Sentinel Event?

• Infant abduction

• Wrong-site surgery

• Patient suicide in a 24-hour facility.

What is the purpose of SBAR?

To facilitate information transfer and clear

Why are NPSGs important?

Established by TJC, They reduce medical errors and improve patient safety.

Give examples of NPSGs.

• Patient identification

• Medication safety

• Infection prevention

• Fall prevention

What is failure to rescue?

A phenomenon where a patient dies from a treatable complication

What decreases failure to rescue?

More nursing time at bedside

What is the comparison in medication reconciliation process?

Comparing current orders to what the patient has been taking to prevent errors like omissions or duplications

Why use barcode systems for medication administration?

Ensures right patient, drug, dose, route, time → reduces errors.

What are QSEN competencies for nurses?

• Patient-centered care

• Teamwork

• Evidence-based practice

• Quality improvement

• Safety

• Informatics

What actions supports a culture of safety?

Actions include

• Open communication

• Reporting errors

• Informed consent

• Teamwork

• Leadership support

What does IOM stand for?

Institute of Medicine (now known as National Academy of Medicine)

What does NAM stand for?

National Academy of Medicine

What was NAM formerly known as?

(formerly known as the IOM) [1, conversation history]

What does NQF stand for?

National Quality Forum

What does SRE stand for?

Serious Reportable Event

What are SRE’s often referred to as?

Never Events

What does TJC stand for?

The Joint Commission

What does NPSG stand for?

National Patient Safety Goals

What does CDC stand for?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

What does CMS stand for?

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

What does QSEN stand for?

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses

What kind of training does QSEN focuses on?

Focuses on training nurses in:

• Safety

• Patient-centered care

• Evidence-based practice

What does HIPAA stand for?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

What does EBP stand for?

Evidence-Based Practice

What does QI stand for?

Quality Improvement

What does SBAR stand for?

Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation

What does EHR stand for?

Electronic Health Record

What does I-PASS stand for?

• Illness severity

• Patient summary

• Action list

• Situation awareness

• Contingency planning

• Synthesis by receiver

What kind of tool is I-PASS?

A standardized handoff tool

What does TeamSTEPPS stand for?

Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety

What kind of system is TEAMSTEPPS?

An evidence-based teamwork system

WEEK 10

What is the PRIMARY focus of community-based nursing?

Health promotion, disease prevention, client education, and self-care

True or False: Community-based nursing focuses primarily on inpatient hospital care.

False — it focuses on community settings and prevention.

Name the 3 levels of interventions.

• Primary

• Secondary

• Tertiary

What is PRIMARY prevention?

Prevent disease before it occurs (vaccinations, health education)

What is SECONDARY prevention?

Early detection of disease (BP screenings, mammograms)

What is TERTIARY prevention?

Reduce complications and restore function (stroke rehabilitation)

Which level of prevention includes disease management?

Tertiary prevention

A nurse teaching smoking cessation is what level of prevention?

Primary prevention.

A mammogram screening is what level?

Secondary prevention

What is Healthy People 2030?

A federal initiative to improve population health.

True or False: Healthy People 2030 is a state-level program.

False — it is federal

What does Healthy People 2030 include?

Goals, priority areas, and health indicators.

What is the nurse’s role in Healthy People 2030?

Promote healthy communities and prevention strategies

What does SDOH stand for?

Social Determinants of Health

What are Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)?

Conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, and play

What is health equity?

Everyone has a fair opportunity to achieve optimal health

What are the 5 domains of SDOH?

• Economic stability

• Education

• Healthcare access

• Neighborhood

• Social context

Lack of transportation affects which SDOH domain?

Neighborhood/environment or healthcare access

Limited health literacy affects which domain?

Education

What is continuity of care?

Ongoing, coordinated healthcare across settings

What are methods to maintain continuity of care?

Discharge planning, transfers, documentation, medication reconciliation

Why is medication reconciliation important?

Prevents medication errors during transitions

What is complementary therapy?

Used WITH conventional medicine

What is alternative therapy?

Used IN PLACE of conventional medicine

What is integrative medicine?

Combines conventional + CAM with evidence

What are the 4 examples of CAM?

• Mind-body

• Biological

• Manipulative

• Energy

What are examples of mind-body CAM?

Yoga, meditation, biofeedback

What are biologically based CAM therapies?

Herbs, vitamins, special diets

What are manipulative/body-based CAM therapies?

Massage, chiropractic, acupuncture

What is energy medicine?

Reiki, therapeutic touch, electromagnetic therapies

What should the nurse assess before a patient uses CAM?

Safety, effectiveness, and possible interactions

What should the nurse evaluate about CAM providers?

Credentials and expertise

Why should cost of CAM be discussed?

Many therapies are not covered by insurance

What is MOST important when patients use CAM?

Ensure they discuss it with their healthcare provider

What is the nurse’s role in CAM decision-making?

Educate, support, and promote safe use

WEEK 11

What is leadership?

The ability to inspire, motivate, and influence others toward a vision

What is management?

Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling to achieve goals (task-orientated)

What is the key difference between a leader and a manager?

Leader = does the right things

Manager = does things right.

A nurse organizing schedules and staffing is acting as what?

Manager

A nurse inspiring change in practice is acting as what?

Leader

What is accountability?

Being responsible and answerable for actions

What is authority?

The power to make decisions and give directions

Who retains accountability after delegating a task?

The nurse (delegator)

What is trait theory of leadership?

Leadership is based on personal traits (ex: confidence, intelligence).

Examples of trait theories?

Great Man Theory, Attribution Theory, and Charismatic Theory

Name the 6 types of leadership styles

• Transformational

• Transactional

• Autocratic

• Democratic

• Laissez-faire

• Multicratic

What is transformational leadership?

Inspires change and motivates followers

What is transactional leadership?

Focuses on day-to-day tasks + a system of rewards/punishments

Which leadership style makes most decisions alone?

Autocratic/authoritarian

What is democratic leadership?

Encourages team input in decision-making

What is laissez-faire leadership?

Provides little or no direction to team

What is multicratic leadership?

Combines multiple leadership styles (most common in healthcare)

A leader who allows staff full independence is using what style?

Laissez-faire

A leader making decisions alone in emergencies is what style?

Autocratic

What are the different types of power (powers of a nurse leader) in nursing leadership?

• Legitimate

• Reward

• Coercive

• Expert

• Referent

What is legitimate power?

Power from position/title.