Respiratory Toxins and Pulmonary Conditions: Seminar Overview Cartes | Quizlet

What are the two main cell types found in the alveoli?

Type I and Type II cells

What can inhaled xenobiotics affect in the body?

Lung tissues directly and distant organs once absorbed

What is a key factor that determines how deep inhaled particles can reach in the lungs?

The size of the inhaled particles

What is the composition of air in terms of carbon dioxide?

Carbon dioxide accounts for 0.04% of air composition

What percentage of oxygen is considered dangerous for humans when it drops below?

16% oxygen concentration

What is classified as a chemical asphyxiant that forms carboxyhemoglobin?

Carbon dioxide

What is the treatment for carbon dioxide poisoning?

Oxygen therapy

What is ammonia primarily derived from?

The degradation of urea present in urine

What is hydrogen sulfide commonly known as?

Sewer gas

At what concentration is hydrogen sulfide fatal?

0.2% concentration (2000 ppm)

What are the main sources of fumonisins that cause pulmonary edema?

Corn infected with Fusarium moniliforme or Fusarium proliferatum

What are the clinical signs of paraquat exposure?

Corrosive action, GI signs, kidney and liver damage, pulmonary fibrosis

What is the oral LD50 of paraquat?

22-262 mg/kg

What are the effects of diquat exposure?

Hyperexcitability, seizures, gastroenteritis, acute kidney failure

What is the prognosis for animals with GI signs only after paraquat exposure?

Good prognosis

What type of toxicity is associated with cyanogenic glycosides?

Chemical asphyxia

Which plant families are known to contain cyanogenic glycosides?

Prunus spp., Sorghum spp., Euphorbiaceae

What is the primary effect of 4-Ipomeanol from sweet potatoes?

Pulmonary edema and epithelial necrosis

What is the treatment approach for hydrogen sulfide poisoning?

Identify and correct the source, remove animals, administer 100% oxygen

What is the main risk associated with the use of paraquat and diquat?

They are used in suicide attempts and for pet poisoning

What is the clinical significance of fumonisin exposure in horses?

Hepatotoxic and neurotoxic syndrome

What is the recommended action for managing exposure to paraquat?

Emesis, gastric lavage, activated carbon, fluid therapy, and supportive care

What is the consequence of paraquat accumulating in lung tissue?

Increased reactive oxygen species and lung damage

What is the role of the lung in xenobiotic biotransformation?

The lung has most of the enzymes involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics

What are the symptoms of pulmonary edema caused by fumonisins?

Interstitial and interlobular pulmonary edema in pigs