3: Practice Quiz Plant Evolution and Life Cycles

PLANTS Lecture 3

Which of the following describes the transition over evolutionary time of plant life cycles?

 

algae and earliest land plants are gametophyte dominant and the next groups to evolve had co-dominant life cycles

In the alternation of generations life cycle, meiosis directly precedes the production of:

Spores

Which of these conclusions is supported by plant phylogenies (evolutionary trees)?

 

The oldest lineages of land plants are descended from some green algae (Charophytes such as Chara)

Which of the following characteristics do early-evolved land plants NOT share with their aquatic ancestors? 

 

waxy cuticle

In the alternation of generations life cycle, mitosis directly precedes the production of:

eggs/sperm and gametes

Solving the problem of the need for water in plant reproduction, which restricted plants to moist environments, was a major breakthrough in plant evolution. In what major group of plants did this first occur?

Seed plants

Which of the following is most correct? 

 

Ferns evolved more recently (after) the mosses

Which of the following plant type is likely to be the most early evolved? 

Moss

In the alternation of generations life cycle (e.g. ferns), the sporophyte produces:

Spores

The reason that mitosis can result in the production of haploid gametes in alternation of generations is because

 

Eggs and sperm are produced by the haploid gametophyte via mitosis

In the life cycle of mosses, which of the following is true? 

 

The sporophytic generation grows out of gametophytic tissue and is dependent on the green gametophyte for nutrition  

The fossil record is important to our understanding of plant evolution. The oldest plant fossil dates to 475 million years ago, and the fossil record for land plants spans almost 60 million years, documenting the origin of land plants. What fossilized remains were found early in the record that helped plants adapt to land by reducing water evaporation?

 

sheets of waxy material called cuticle

Which of the following innovations in seed plants did away with the need for water to effect fertilization?  

Pollen

Mosses, ferns, and lycophytes expand their geographic range by spore dispersal. What replaces spore dispersal in gymnosperms and angiosperms?

seeds

Which adaptation was earliest in plant evolution?

Spores

Plants need to take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen, but the waxy cuticle overlaying the epidermis of stems and leaves to prevent water loss also prevents the exchange of gases. What structure found in many plants was the solution to this problem?

Stomata

Which life cycle is found in ferns?

alternation of generations

In the fern life cycle, how does fertilization occur?

 

The gametophyte produces sperm and eggs in gametangia (antheridia and archegonia). The sperm reach the eggs by swimming through water

Which of the following plant type is likely to be the most early evolved? 

Moss

Which kind of life cycle is typical of most animals?

 

Diploid dominant

Which of the following accurately shows the order or adaptations in land plant evolution?

 

cuticle then stomata then spores then seeds