pyshc unit 5

Motivation

Factors that influence the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior

4 Sources of Motivation

Biological
Emotional
Social

**Cognitive**

Biological

food, water

Emotional

panic, fear, love, hatred

Cognitive

beliefs and expectations

Social

reactions from others

Intrinsic motivation

performing an action or behavior because you enjoy the activity itself

example of intrinsic motivation

reading a book because you enjoy it.

Extrinsic motivation

performing an action or behavior for an external reward

example of extrinsic motivation

working out to get abs.

Incentives

thing that motivates or encourages one to do something. Examples of this are money or good grades

Approach / Approach conflict

Must choose between two good options.

example of Approach / Approach conflict

go to movie or go to football game.

Approach /Avoidance conflict

Must choose to do something that has both a positive aspect and a negative aspect.

example of Approach /Avoidance conflict

go to a concert with someone you can't stand

Avoidance / Avoidance conflict

Must choose between two bad options

example of Avoidance / Avoidance conflict

clean your room or rake the leaves

Multiple approach avoidance

Must choose between options that have positive and negative options within each choice.

examples of Multiple approach avoidance

take job that requires move across country with great salary or take job in hometown with lower salary and advancement

Drives

People act a certain way due to the need of fulfilling biological needs such as hunger, sleep, thirst, etc. (primarily biological and may not require external stimuli to encourage the behavior.)

Motives

a person's needs, desires, wants, or urges (are primarily driven by social and psychological mechanisms and include external stimuli to encourage the behavior, such as praise and approval.)

Evolutionary Theory

genetic mutations are capable of altering not only physical traits but also behavioral traits. Those who are the most fit are the most likely to survive, and eventually, the population evolves in such a way that their traits manifest themselves across the population.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

defines motivation as the process of satisfying certain needs that are required for long-term survival and development. some needs that are basic to all human beings, and in their absence, nothing else matters. As we satisfy these basic needs, they no longer serve as motivators and we begin to satisfy higher-order needs. includes physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization

Drive Reduction Theory

proposed that the purpose of biological drives is to correct disturbances of homeostasis. When the disturbance ( or psychological need is fulfilled the body goes back into homeostasis.)

Arousal Theory

focuses primarily on biological needs as motivators, arousal theory examines the influence of the neurotransmitter dopamine as a motivator in the body. The reward system in the human body spurs physiological arousal, which motivates individuals to engage in whatever behavior is necessary to relieve their arousal.

Incentive Theory

behavior is primarily extrinsically motivated: people are more motivated to perform activities if they receive a reward afterward, rather than simply because they enjoy the activities themselves. (extrinsic motivation)

Cognitive Dissonance

the need for achievement drives accomplishment and performance and thereby motivates our behavior. People are motivated by different goals related to achievements, such as mastery or performance goals. (instrinsic motivation)

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive, interpret, demonstrate, control, evaluate, and use emotions to communicate with and relate to others effectively and constructively

4 Components of Emotional Intelligence -

perceiving emotions

reasoning with emotions

understanding emotions

managing emotions

percieving emotions

You have to perceive emotions accurately in order to understand them

Reasoning with emotions:

Use emotions to promote thinking and cognitive activity.

Understanding emotions:

Understand someone's emotions and what it could mean.

Managing emotions:

The ability to manage emotions effectively

Signs of Emotional Intelligence

Accepting responsibility for mistakes, Self-confidence and self-acceptance, The ability to manage emotions in difficult situations

The ability to manage emotions in difficult situations