DNA structure

What is a nucleosome?

A structural unit of chromosome made up of DNA coiled around histone proteins.

What is DNA and where is it located?

DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) is located inside the nucleus of every nucleated cell.

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T).

What is the structural unit of DNA?

The structural unit of DNA is called a nucleotide.

What does DNA's double helix structure resemble?

A twisted ladder shape.

What pairs with Adenine (A) in DNA?

Thymine (T) pairs with Adenine (A) forming a double bond.

What is the process called when DNA duplicates?

DNA replication.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

DNA replication occurs during the S-phase of Interphase.

What is a gene?

A fragment of DNA that has a specific sequence of nucleotides coding for a specific characteristic.

What is transgenesis?

The transfer of a gene from one individual to another belonging to the same or different species.

Define transgenic organism.

An organism that receives a foreign gene from another organism leading to the formation of a new protein and new phenotype.

How are proteins formed?

Proteins are formed from long chains of amino acids connected by peptide bonds.

What is a codon?

A triplet of nucleotides that codes for one amino acid.

What affects the activity of enzymes?

Number of amino acids, sequence of amino acids, and spatial configuration.

What is the significance of complementary base pairing in DNA?

It ensures accurate DNA replication and genetic information transfer.

What is the structure of amino acids?

Amino acids have a carboxyl group, amino group, H, and a variable R group.