Fiott: In every crisis an opportunity? European Union integration in defence and the War on Ukraine

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, strategies, and theoretical frameworks related to European Union defence integration and its response to the war in Ukraine.

Zeitenwende

A transformative moment for European Union security and defence sparked by Russia's war on Ukraine.

Strategic Compass

The EU's first-ever dedicated security and defence strategy, endorsed in March 2022, containing over $80$ specific policy actions to guide the Union until $2030$.

European Peace Facility (EPF)

An off-budget financial instrument worth approximately $€5.6\,billion$ for the $2021$–$2027$ period, used to deliver military equipment to partners and finance CSDP missions.

New Intergovernmentalism

A theoretical perspective suggesting that deliberation and consensus are guiding norms in the EU and that member states create de novo agencies to control political impulses of supranational institutions.

Neo-functionalism

A theory of integration that emphasizes 'spillover' behavior and the role of supranational institutions like the European Commission in driving EU policy.

EDIRPA

The European Defence Industry Reinforcement through Common Procurement Act, a proposed Regulation to invest $€500\,million$ between $2022$ and $2024$ in joint defence projects.

European Defence Investment Programme (EDIP)

A planned long-term measure for the EU to engage in common defence procurement and the commercialisation of weapons systems.

Athena Mechanism

A former financial vehicle designed to cover common costs as part of Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) missions and operations, now combined into the EPF.

African Peace Facility

A former instrument used to financially support peace support operations led by African states and regional bodies, now combined into the EPF.

Supranationalism

A form of cooperation where institutions are entrusted with political power in decision-making processes and act as policy entrepreneurs to steer EU policy.

Intergovernmentalism

A form of competition and cooperation among national governments at the EU level where each government seeks to advance national preferences in a mutually advantageous manner.

European Defence Fund (EDF)

An $€8\,billion$ fund intended for defence research, capability development, and prototyping.

Strategic Reorientation

A classification of EU defence effort focusing on the adoption of the 'Strategic Compass' as a guide for security and defence policy.

Defensive Weaponisation

A classification of the EU’s accelerated delivery of lethal equipment and military hardware to partners through the European Peace Facility (EPF).

Industrial Rehabilitation

A classification of the Union's efforts to invest in the manufacturing of military equipment and common procurement initiatives.

Versailles Declaration

A March $2022$ statement by EU leaders calling for a strengthening of the European defence industrial and technological base and an analysis of investment gaps.

Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO)

An intergovernmental framework and tool used for EU-level capability planning and development.

OCCAR

The Organisation Conjointe de Coopération en matière d’Armament, a non-EU body identified as a suitable procurement agent for common defence projects.

Liberal Intergovernmentalism

A theory that emphasizes how national governments bargain at the EU level to advance preferences, often criticized by new intergovernmentalists for overplaying power politics.

Costs Lie Where They Fall

The traditional principle for financing CSDP missions and operations, where each participating EU Member State is responsible for its own financial burden.

DG DEFIS

The European Commission's dedicated Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space.

Strategic Compass Action Areas

The document's four pillars: boosting military action, building resilience, developing military capabilities, and strengthening partnerships.