16 Anatomy of the Heart- Herlihy: The Human Body in health and Illness, 7th Edition

A vessel(s) that carry(ies) blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium is (are) the a

pulmonary veins.

Blood flows from the right atrium through which atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle?

Tricuspid

Chordae tendineae are not associated with this valve.

Aortic

chordae tendineae

thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting

With which of the following is "lubb-dupp" associated?

Closing of heart valves

Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?

Coronary arteries

Where does the cardiac action potential (cardiac impulse) normally originate?

SA node

The pace maker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the

right atrium

Referring to the ECG, the P wave represents

atrial depolarization.

Referring to the ECG, the QRS complex represents ventricular

depolarization

Which structure connects the cusps of the AV valves to the ventricles?

Chordae tendineae

What are the conducting fibers that rapidly spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricles?

Purkinje fibers

Which of the following is least related to the mitral valve?

Semilunar

Which of the following must precede ventricular contraction?

Ventricular depolarization

Through which of the following semilunar valves does oxygenated blood pass?

Aortic

The correct sequence is: Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery to the

pulmonary capillaries.

What event causes the pulmonic valve to open?

An increase in the pressure within the right ventricle

Which layer of the heart also lines the valves and is continuous with blood vessels?

Endocardium

The epicardium is a layer of the

pericardium

The mitral and the bicuspid valves

are the same valves.

The pulmonic and aortic valves

are semilunar valves.

The correct sequence is: Blood flows from the pulmonary capillaries to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium to the left ventricle to the

aorta

The atrioventricular node (AV node)

delays the electrical signal coming from the atria into the ventricles.

The purpose of this structure is to delay the spread of the signal from the atrium to the ventricles.

AV node

Which of the following is an electrical event?

Depolarization

Which of the following is a result of ventricular contraction?

Blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta.

Under what condition is blood most likely to flow "backward" (e.g., from the left ventricle back into the left atrium)?

An insufficient mitral valve

What are ventricles "doing" during atrial contraction?

relaxing

Purkinje fibers

conduct electrical signals throughout the ventricles

What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts? a

Tricuspid

Which of the following is not true of the heart?

The pericardium is composed of actin and myosin

Which of the following is least descriptive of the myocardium?

Thicker in the left atrium than the right ventricle

Which of the following is a function of a valve?

Regulates the direction of blood flow through the heart

Which of the following is true of the structures of the electrical conduction system?

. In normal sinus rhythm, the electrical signal arises within the SA node.

Which of the following is least true of the aortic valve?

Blood flows from the ventricle through this valve into the pulmonary artery

A hole in the interventricular septum causes

blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the right ventricle

Which structure "sees" oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary veins

Which group is incorrect?

a. Semilunar valves: pulmonic, aortic b. Atrioventricular valves: tricuspid, bicuspid, mitral c. Structures that carry oxygenated blood: pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta d. Structures that carry unoxygenated blood: right ventricle, venae cavae, pulmonary veins ANS: D

Which group is incorrect?

a. Semilunar valves: pulmonic, aortic b. Structures that carry oxygenated blood: pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta c. Layers of the heart: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium d. Abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, normal sinus rhythm ANS: D

Which group is incorrect?

a. Atrioventricular valves: tricuspid, bicuspid, mitral a. b. b. Layers of the heart: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium c. Abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia d. Parts of the conduction system: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, medulla oblongata ANS: D

S2 is

the second heart sound.

Which of the following is most related to "lubb" (of the lubb-dupp duo)?

a. Called S1 b. Caused by the closure of the AV valves c. Occurs in response to ventricular contraction d. All of the above ANS: D

The purpose of the right heart is to pump blood

to the lungs for oxygenation

Which of the following is not considered a "great" vessel?

Left anterior descending artery

Which of the following spaces is not related to the heart?

Dorsal cavity

Cells that spontaneously depolarize from resting membrane potential to threshold potential

a. are called pacemaker cells.

Stenosis of which valve causes right ventricular hypertrophy?

Right semilunar

Which of the following is true about the left ventricular myocardium?

Contraction pumps blood into the aorta

What is located at the second rib and fifth intercostal space?

Base and apex of the heart

The bicuspid and mitral valves

"see" only oxygenated blood

What are the two phases of the ventricular action potential (cardiac impulse)?

Depolarization and repolarization

Under what condition will the AV node become the pacemaker?

When its rate of spontaneous depolarization exceeds that of the SA node

In normal sinus rhythm (NSR), the

cardiac impulse originates in the sinoatrial node.

During ventricular filling, the

ventricles are relaxed.

Which of the following is true regarding the mediastinum?

. The mediastinum is a space between the lungs.

Which of the following is located between the visceral and parietal pericardium?

A space that contains serous fluid

. Which structure is not perfused by the blood that is pumped from the right ventricle to the left ventricle?

Aorta

Which structure is not perfused by blood that flows from the pulmonary capillaries to the aorta?

Right atrium

What structure is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cavae to the pulmonary veins?

Left anterior descending artery

Which of the following is part of the blood flow through the heart?

Left atrium

Which of the following is not part of coronary circulation?

Pulmonary veins

Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary artery?

It carries unoxygenated blood to the pulmonary capillaries, where gas exchange occurs

Which of the following is most descriptive of the tricuspid valve?

Entrance valve: right ventricle

Into what structure does blood reflux as a consequence of an incompetent aortic semilunar valve?

Left ventricle

What is the valvular response to the contraction of the ventricles?

The pulmonic and aortic valves open.

Describe the valvular response to the relaxation of the right ventricle

The tricuspid valve opens

The intent is to measure pulmonary wedge pressure, a procedure that requires the advancement of a catheter up to the pulmonary capillaries. The catheter is inserted into the left subclavian vein. Identify the structure that the catheter does not pass through on its way to the pulmonary capillaries

Pulmonary veins

Which of the following is a correct valvular position when the atria are contracting? a. The tricuspid valve is closed.

Both AV valves are open.

When is coronary blood flow greatest?

During myocardial relaxation

Why may a "racing heart" (170 bpm) cause chest pain?

A racing heart decreases diastole, the period when coronary blood flow is maximal.

What causes S1 and S2?

Closure of heart valves

Which of the following is least true of S2?

Indicative of a gallop rhythm

Which of the following is most true of S1?

Occurs during the beginning of ventricular systole with the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves

A signal is generated by the SA node and is regularly discharged to the rest of the conduction system. Which of the following best describes this activity?

Automaticity and rhythmicity

Which of the following is true regarding cardiac blood flow?

a. In the normal heart, coronary blood flow increases with exercise. b. In a diseased heart coronary blood flow may be maximal at rest. c. In a diseased heart exertion may cause ischemia and angina. d. All of the above are true. ANS: D

What is the significance of elevated plasma levels of AST, CPK, and LDH?

Myocardial damage as in myocardial infarction

With which of the following are these words most related: electrical signal, action potential, cardiac impulse, and nerve impulse?

Depolarization and repolarization

Which of the following defines a nodal rhythm?

The electrical signal arises within the AV node.

Heart rate is slowest if the pacemaker activity signal originates in the