Studied by 53 peoplebiosphere (def)
Living portion of the earth
ecosystem (def)
all living and nonliving things in an area
community (def)
all living species in an area
population (def)
members of one species in an area
organism (def)
living thing
organ system (def)
organ/tissue group working together
organ (def)
tissues working together for a function
tissue (def)
group of cells working together for a function
cell (def)
basic structure in living things
organelle (def)
parts of a cell with different functions
molecule
two or more atoms bonded together
atom
building blocks of matter
DNA
contains genetic information of your traits
development (def)
changes in an organism throughout its life
homeostasis (def)
ability to maintain a stable internal environment
metabolism (def)
all the biological or chemical processes occurring within an organism
life processes
8 total processes; crucial for survival
nutrition (def)
process of obtaining and processing food
autotrophic nutrition
making your own food
heterotrophic nutrition
obtaining food from the environment
transport (def)
absorption and circulation of materials throughout an organism
intracellular transport (def)
transport within a cell
intercellular transport (def)
transport between cells
respiration
release of energy from food
aerobic respiration
respiration using oxygen (efficient)
anaerobic respiration
respiration without using oxygen (less efficient)
excretion (def)
removal of metabolic wastes
growth
increase in size
synthesis (def)
building of larger molecules
reproduction (def)
production of offspring
regulation (def)
communication, coordination, control— of processes in an organism
stimulus
change in the environment that causes a reaction
response
reaction caused by changes in the environment
unicellular (def)
organism made of one cell
multicellular (def)
organism composed of many cells
asexual
type of reproduction where there is only one parent—offspring is identical to parents—no variation—easier—takes less time and energy—no need to find a mate
sexual
type of reproduction where there is two parents—offspring is a combination of both parents—there is variation—takes more time and energy—need to find a mate
The Genetic Code
idea that the sequence of bases in DNA molecule determines the proteins made by the cells of that organism—process is always the same despite the organism
body plan
each organism has a specific ____ ____ that is coded in their DNA
die
in order to be alive you need to?
disease or death
this is what happens when homeostasis fails to be maintained
organism, species
reproduction differs from the other life processes because it is not essential for the survival of the ________ but it is essential for the survival of the _______
false
true or false: all organisms obtain energy in the same way
true
true or false: individual organisms do not evolve or adapt
ecology (def)
study of interactions between and among organisms (study of ecosystems)
biotic (def)
living factors in an ecosystem—impacts they make on the environment
abiotic (def)
nonliving factors in an ecosystem
limiting factors (def)
when the presence, absence, or amount of any biotic or abiotic factors limits the ability of a population to live in that ecosystem
interdependent
everything in an ecosystem is ______________ on everything else—major consequences will fall on the community if any one component is changed
water
needed for all life processes, habitat for some organisms
climate
temperature, weather, wind
gases
O2, CO2, N2—necessary for survival
space
habitat—getting food/availability—diseases will arise if there is a limited amount
terrain/soil/rocks
minerals, plants anchor, habitat
sunlight
photosynthesis, vitamin D, mating, hibernation
a transport system and other organs
The human body has many cells that are deep inside the body. For this reason, the human body requires
nutrition (ans daph)
A hydra ingests a Daphnia, digests it, and later egests some materials. All of these events are most closely associated with the life process known as
respiration
By which process is the potential energy of organic molecules transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells?
metabolic activity
The breathing rate, heart rate, and blood hormone levels of an individual would directly provide information about that individual’s
no metabolic activity present
The ability to grow in size is a characteristic of living organisms. Although an icicle may grow in size over time, it is considered nonliving because there is
synthesis from simpler compounds
The oil of the vanilla bean and the oil of mint are flavorings found naturally in these plants. These flavorings are present in the plant cells as a result of
maintain homeostasis
A small lizard spends the morning hours lying in the sunlight until its body temperature rises. Later on in the day, the lizard rests in a shady area until its body temperature cools. This type of behavior is important to
excretion (ans)
As a result of their metabolic activities, many organisms produce harmful substances. These substances are eliminated by the process of
reproduction (ans blood)
As human blood cells mature, they lose their nuclei. As a result of this loss, it would be impossible for them to carry out the process of
energy, respiration
We eat to get ______ through the process of cellular ___________.
sun
the energy comes from the
photosynthesis (ans)
plants capture light energy through the process of
trophic levels (def)
feeding levels within an ecosystem
producer (def)
autotrophs in an ecosystem
consumer
heterotrophs
herbivore
eats plants only
carnivore
eats animals only
omnivore
eats both plants and animals
first step
In a food chain, producers are always the?
predator
kill and eat prey
scavenger
eat recently killed prey
dead, decaying organisms
decomposers are also heterotrophs but they eat
clear space
decomposers are important because they _____ _____ for others to live and reproduce
recycle, soil
decomposers _______ all of the molecules from the dead and return them to the ____
matter, energy
decomposers recycle ______, they do not cycle ______
gain energy
organisms eat to
food chain
shows the flow of energy
energy pyramid
shows the amount of available energy at each trophic level
primary consumer
eats producers
secondary consumer
eats primary consumers
tertiary consumer
eats secondary consumers
quaternary consumer
eats tertiary consumers
apex predator
top predator (nothings eats it besides decomposers)
synthesis (ans)
Proteins not ingested by humans are found in human cells. The presence of these proteins is most directly a result of
homeostasis (ans)
When a person does strenuous exercise, small blood vessels (capillaries) near the surface of the skin increase in diameter. This change allows the body to be cooled. These statements best illustrate
A, B, and C
Which reactions in the list below are associated with metabolism?
(A) cellular reactions that release energy
(B) photosynthetic reactions that store energy
(C) muscle reactions that use energy
metabolic wastes from a cell
Excretion is best described as the removal of
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the levels of organization in the human body from least to greatest?
nutrition (ans para)
Stained yeast were added to a paramecium culture, and some of the yeast were ingested by the paramecium. This activity is most closely associated with the life function of
circulation
Transport in mammals generally involves absorption and
regulation (ans)
Which life function is most directly involved in the control of the muscles of an earthworm that is moving from dry to moist soil?
reproduction (ans food)
Which life function could be eliminated without affecting an individual rabbit’s ability to survive when food is scarce?
organ systems (ans)
Multicellular organisms have _____ _______ that interact to carry out life functions, while single-celled organisms carry out life functions without using _____ _______.
Note
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