Study of Life Unit (READ DESC)

biology quiz tests review (ans is the answer to a question and def is the definition-- ans may have terms attached such as "blood" or "para" regarding the context)

biosphere (def)

Living portion of the earth

ecosystem (def)

all living and nonliving things in an area

community (def)

all living species in an area

population (def)

members of one species in an area

organism (def)

living thing

organ system (def)

organ/tissue group working together

organ (def)

tissues working together for a function

tissue (def)

group of cells working together for a function

cell (def)

basic structure in living things

organelle (def)

parts of a cell with different functions

molecule

two or more atoms bonded together

atom

building blocks of matter

DNA

contains genetic information of your traits

development (def)

changes in an organism throughout its life

homeostasis (def)

ability to maintain a stable internal environment

metabolism (def)

all the biological or chemical processes occurring within an organism

life processes

8 total processes; crucial for survival

nutrition (def)

process of obtaining and processing food

autotrophic nutrition

making your own food

heterotrophic nutrition

obtaining food from the environment

transport (def)

absorption and circulation of materials throughout an organism

intracellular transport (def)

transport within a cell

intercellular transport (def)

transport between cells

respiration

release of energy from food

aerobic respiration

respiration using oxygen (efficient)

anaerobic respiration

respiration without using oxygen (less efficient)

excretion (def)

removal of metabolic wastes

growth

increase in size

synthesis (def)

building of larger molecules

reproduction (def)

production of offspring

regulation (def)

communication, coordination, control— of processes in an organism

stimulus

change in the environment that causes a reaction

response

reaction caused by changes in the environment

unicellular (def)

organism made of one cell

multicellular (def)

organism composed of many cells

asexual

type of reproduction where there is only one parent—offspring is identical to parents—no variation—easier—takes less time and energy—no need to find a mate

sexual

type of reproduction where there is two parents—offspring is a combination of both parents—there is variation—takes more time and energy—need to find a mate

The Genetic Code

idea that the sequence of bases in DNA molecule determines the proteins made by the cells of that organism—process is always the same despite the organism

body plan

each organism has a specific ____ ____ that is coded in their DNA

die

in order to be alive you need to?

disease or death

this is what happens when homeostasis fails to be maintained

organism, species

reproduction differs from the other life processes because it is not essential for the survival of the ________ but it is essential for the survival of the _______

false

true or false: all organisms obtain energy in the same way

true

true or false: individual organisms do not evolve or adapt

ecology (def)

study of interactions between and among organisms (study of ecosystems)

biotic (def)

living factors in an ecosystem—impacts they make on the environment

abiotic (def)

nonliving factors in an ecosystem

limiting factors (def)

when the presence, absence, or amount of any biotic or abiotic factors limits the ability of a population to live in that ecosystem

interdependent

everything in an ecosystem is ______________ on everything else—major consequences will fall on the community if any one component is changed

water

needed for all life processes, habitat for some organisms

climate

temperature, weather, wind

gases

O2, CO2, N2—necessary for survival

space

habitat—getting food/availability—diseases will arise if there is a limited amount

terrain/soil/rocks

minerals, plants anchor, habitat

sunlight

photosynthesis, vitamin D, mating, hibernation

a transport system and other organs

The human body has many cells that are deep inside the body. For this reason, the human body requires

nutrition (ans daph)

A hydra ingests a Daphnia, digests it, and later egests some materials. All of these events are most closely associated with the life process known as

respiration

By which process is the potential energy of organic molecules transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells?

metabolic activity

The breathing rate, heart rate, and blood hormone levels of an individual would directly provide information about that individual’s

no metabolic activity present

The ability to grow in size is a characteristic of living organisms. Although an icicle may grow in size over time, it is considered nonliving because there is

synthesis from simpler compounds

The oil of the vanilla bean and the oil of mint are flavorings found naturally in these plants. These flavorings are present in the plant cells as a result of

maintain homeostasis

A small lizard spends the morning hours lying in the sunlight until its body temperature rises. Later on in the day, the lizard rests in a shady area until its body temperature cools. This type of behavior is important to

excretion (ans)

As a result of their metabolic activities, many organisms produce harmful substances. These substances are eliminated by the process of

reproduction (ans blood)

As human blood cells mature, they lose their nuclei. As a result of this loss, it would be impossible for them to carry out the process of

energy, respiration

We eat to get ______ through the process of cellular ___________.

sun

the energy comes from the

photosynthesis (ans)

plants capture light energy through the process of

trophic levels (def)

feeding levels within an ecosystem

producer (def)

autotrophs in an ecosystem

consumer

heterotrophs

herbivore

eats plants only

carnivore

eats animals only

omnivore

eats both plants and animals

first step

In a food chain, producers are always the?

predator

kill and eat prey

scavenger

eat recently killed prey

dead, decaying organisms

decomposers are also heterotrophs but they eat

clear space

decomposers are important because they _____ _____ for others to live and reproduce

recycle, soil

decomposers _______ all of the molecules from the dead and return them to the ____

matter, energy

decomposers recycle ______, they do not cycle ______

gain energy

organisms eat to

food chain

shows the flow of energy

energy pyramid

shows the amount of available energy at each trophic level

primary consumer

eats producers

secondary consumer

eats primary consumers

tertiary consumer

eats secondary consumers

quaternary consumer

eats tertiary consumers

apex predator

top predator (nothings eats it besides decomposers)

synthesis (ans)

Proteins not ingested by humans are found in human cells. The presence of these proteins is most directly a result of

homeostasis (ans)

When a person does strenuous exercise, small blood vessels (capillaries) near the surface of the skin increase in diameter. This change allows the body to be cooled. These statements best illustrate

A, B, and C

Which reactions in the list below are associated with metabolism?

(A) cellular reactions that release energy

(B) photosynthetic reactions that store energy

(C) muscle reactions that use energy

metabolic wastes from a cell

Excretion is best described as the removal of

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

What are the levels of organization in the human body from least to greatest?

nutrition (ans para)

Stained yeast were added to a paramecium culture, and some of the yeast were ingested by the paramecium. This activity is most closely associated with the life function of

circulation

Transport in mammals generally involves absorption and

regulation (ans)

Which life function is most directly involved in the control of the muscles of an earthworm that is moving from dry to moist soil?

reproduction (ans food)

Which life function could be eliminated without affecting an individual rabbit’s ability to survive when food is scarce?

organ systems (ans)

Multicellular organisms have _____ _______ that interact to carry out life functions, while single-celled organisms carry out life functions without using _____ _______.