CHP16

Photophobia

Sensitivity or fear of light

Presbyopia

Age-related vision changes causing difficulty seeing close objects

Blepharoptosis

Drooping or prolapse of the eyelid

Gonioscopy

Visual examination of the angle between the iris and cornea

Vitrectomy

Surgical removal of the vitreous body

Keratopathy

Disease of the cornea

Diplopia

Double vision

Nyctalopia

Night blindness

Exotropia

Outward turning of one eye

Esotropia

Inward turning of one eye (cross-eye)

Strabismus

Failure of both eyes to focus on the same object

Myopia

Nearsightedness; image focuses in front of the retina

Hyperopia (Hypermetropia)

Farsightedness; image focuses behind the retina

Astigmatism

Defective curvature of the cornea or lens causing blurred vision

Emmetropia

Normal vision

Cataract

Clouding of the lens of the eye

Glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve

Intraocular Pressure

Pressure within the eyeball

Trabecular Meshwork

Drainage area for aqueous humor in the eye

Aqueous Humor

Clear fluid in the front portion of the eye

Retina

Light-sensitive inner layer of the eye

Rods

Retinal cells responsible for black-and-white vision in dim light

Cones

Retinal cells responsible for color vision in bright light

Cornea

Transparent anterior portion of the eye where light enters

Sclera

White outer portion of the eye

Conjunctiva

Membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eye surface

Choroid

Vascular layer containing blood vessels of the eye

Iris

Colored portion of the eye

Pupil

Opening in the center of the iris

Lens

Transparent structure that focuses light onto the retina

Ciliary Body

Structure that produces aqueous humor and supports the lens

Lacrimal Glands

Glands that produce tears

Optic Nerve

Nerve transmitting visual impulses to the brain

Papilledema

Swelling of the optic nerve

Hordeolum

Stye; infected gland of the eyelid

Phacoemulsification

Cataract removal using ultrasound waves

Retinal Photocoagulation

Laser treatment used to seal the retinal

tissue

Refraction

Eye test to determine lens prescription

Tonometry

Measurement of intraocular pressure

Visual Acuity Test

Test measuring the sharpness of vision

Ophthalmoscope

Instrument used to examine the eye

Ophthalmologist

Physician specializing in eye disorders

Mydriatic

A drug that dilates the pupil

Miotic

Drug that constricts the pupil

Ophthalmic Anesthetic

Medication used to numb the eye

Auricle (Pinna)

Visible outer portion of the ear

External Auditory Canal

Ear canal carrying sound to the eardrum

Tympanic Membrane

Eardrum

Cerumen

Ear wax

Middle Ear

Section of the ear transmitting vibrations to the inner ear

Inner Ear

Area responsible for hearing and balance

Malleus

Hammer-shaped middle ear bone

Incus

Anvil-shaped middle ear bone

Stapes

Stirrup-shaped middle ear bone

Ossicles

Three small bones of the middle ear

Cochlea

Snail-shaped structure responsible for hearing

Vestibule

Inner ear structure aiding balance

Semicircular Canals

Structures responsible for head orientation and balance

Eustachian Tube

Tube equalizing air pressure between the throat and the middle ear

Otitis Media

Inflammation/infection of the middle ear

Mastoiditis

Inflammation of the mastoid process

Presbycusis

Age-related hearing loss

Otosclerosis

Abnormal hardening of the middle ear bones

Tinnitus

Ringing or buzzing in the ears

Vertigo

Sensation of spinning or dizziness

Cerumen Impaction

Buildup of earwax blocking the ear canal

Conductive Hearing Loss

Hearing loss caused by outer or middle ear problems

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Hearing loss caused by inner ear or nerve damage

Anacusis

Complete deafness

Hard of Hearing

Partial hearing loss

Myringotomy

Surgical incision into the eardrum

Tympanoplasty

Surgical repair of the eardrum

Mastoidectomy

Surgical removal of infected mastoid cells

Cochlear Implant

An implanted device stimulating the auditory nerve

Ear Irrigation

Flushing the ear canal with water to remove wax

Audiometry

Measurement of hearing ability

Tympanometry

Measurement of eardrum movement and middle ear function

Rinne Test

Hearing test comparing air and bone conduction

Weber Test

Hearing test determining unilateral hearing loss

Audiologist

Specialist in hearing disorders

Otoscope

Instrument used to examine the ear

Otalgia

Ear pain

Otorrhea

Discharge from the ear

Otopyorrhea

Discharge of pus from the ear

Otoscope

Instrument used to examine the ear canal and eardrum

Otolaryngologist

Specialist in ear, nose, and throat disorders

Myringotomy Tubes (PE Tubes)

Pressure equalizing tubes inserted into the eardrum

Antiemetic

Medication used to treat nausea and dizziness

Cerumenolytic

Medication used to soften/remove earwax

Otic Analgesic

Medication used to relieve ear pain